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共用题干 Toads are Arthritic and in PainArt

tikufree2019-12-17  61
问题 共用题干Toads are Arthritic and in Pain

Arthritis（关节炎）is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads（蟾蜍）,a big problem
'in the north of Australia,are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone,a new stu街has shown.
The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs.______(46)
The large yellow toads,native to South and Central America,were introduced into the north-eastern Aus-
tralian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane
crops.Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country,and they are rapidly spreading
through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across
more than one million square kilometres.________(47)A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s
but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Ariinials,arid sometimes pets,that eat the toads die im-
mediately from their poison,and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth._________(48)
A co-author of the new study,Rick Shine,a professor at the University of Sydney,says that little atten-
tion has been given to the problems that toads face.Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from
Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different.They were
active,sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results of the study,the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night._________(49)
But speed and strength come at a price一arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on
them.
In laboratory tests,the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping,arthritic toads would
travel less distance with each hop（跳跃）.________
(50)These toads are so programmed to move,
apparently,that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones,continuing their
constant march across the landscape.
选项 __________(46)A:Toads are not built to be road runners一they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.B:The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.C:Furthermore,they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia's native species.D:Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances,while the others are being left behind.E:But this advantage also has a big drawback一up to 10%of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.F: But arthritis didn't slow down toads outside the laboratory,the researchers found.
答案E
解析通读全文，可知文章大意是：澳大利亚北部从外地引来的蟾蜍大量繁殖，破坏了当地的生态系统，但研究人员发现，这些蟾蜍患了关节炎，跳跃时腿部会疼痛，但它们似乎仍跳个不 停。空前说跳得快的蟾蜍似乎更大，腿更长。据此看，D项和E项比较适合此空，但联系文章 主题和本段前几句说的蟾蜍得关节炎的事，并考虑到本段是首段，E项更切题。 本空后的“also kill"提示前边是说要铲除外地引进的蟾蜍。再结合空前所说的该类蟾蜍四处繁殖，并观察选项设置，即可确定答案。 本段说这些从外地引进的蟾蜍严重破坏了生态系统，以它们为食物的动物都被毒死 了，它们什么都吃却没事。因此C项“而且，它们很快占据了澳大利亚土生物种的自然居住 区。”比较适合此空。 空前说“······最快的蟾蜍一夜可跳将近一千米”，由此可锁定D、E两项，再根据空后的 “但是速度和力量是要付出代价的······”可排除E项。故选D。 空前说患关节炎的蟾蜍跳不了那么远了，空后又说即使疼痛患病的蟾蜍跳得似乎和健 康的蟾蜍一样远。前后存在转折，故选F,F项的含义“但是研究员们发现，在实验室外关节炎 似乎并未使蟾蜍减速。”特别适合这个空。
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