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共用题干 The Northern LightsThe Sun is stor

昕玥2019-12-17  9
问题 共用题干The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather It is so hot and active that even the Sun's gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check!Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma,and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun,the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth,but don't worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet.The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles.The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field,the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth,they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere,creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky,they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting,but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate,flicker,or even move like waves.During solar maximum,auroras are seen as far south as Florida,even Mexico!
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground,a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long,a few hundred kilometers high,but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
选项 The Sun's gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
答案B
解析题干意为“太阳的引力太弱，等离子体逃离太阳，流向地球”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语the Sun's gravity, plasma, Earth作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句： The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even [u]the Sun's gravity[/u] cannot hold its atmosphere in check!Energy flows away from the Sun toward the [u]Earth[/u] in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called [u]plasma[/u],and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind．定位线索词集中出现在第一段中，因此重点关注第一段。第一段意为“太阳是多风暴的，有它自己独特的气候。太阳非常热，而且活动又极为剧烈，以至于太阳的引力也无法紧紧吸住它自己的大气层。热量以电粒子流的形式逃离太阳，流向地球，时速高达100万英里。这些粒子叫等离子体，来自太阳的等离子流叫太阳风。太阳活动越剧烈，太阳风越强烈”。依据第一段的内容来看，等离子体逃离太阳的原因不是因为太阳的引力太弱，而是因为太阳非常热，活动又极为剧烈，由此可见题干陈述的意义与短文内容不一致。所以答案为B。 题干意为“地球相当安全，因为有磁场在高空包围着地球，将太阳风档在地球大气层外面”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语the Earth, a magnetic field, attack by the solar wind作为定位线索，在第二段中找到相关句：The solar wind constantly streams toward [u]the Earth[/u]，but don't worry because a protective [u]magnetic field[/u] surrounds [u]our planet[/u]（指地 球）.The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles.The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field,the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and recon-fleet．定位线索词集中出现在第二段第一句中，因此重点关注该句。该句提到“太阳风不断地流向地球，但是不必担心，因为有一个保护性的磁场包围着我们的地球”。显然该句意义与题干意义一致。所以答案为A。 题干意为“有些科学家担心包围地球起防护作用的磁场有一天会消失”。利 用题干中的细节信息短语some scientists, possible disappearance of the Earth's protective magnetic field, in the future作为定位线索，结果发现disappearance of the Earth's protective magnetic field在短文中根本没有提到，some scientists在短文中也没有出现，由此可知一些科学家是否在担心包围地球起防护作用的磁场有一天会消失是短文中未提及的信息。所以答 案为C。 题干意为“当电子落入地球两极的大气层中，并与大气层中的气体分子碰 撞时就形成了极光”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语auroras, electrons, Earth's atmos-phere, poles, gas molecule作为定位线索，在第三段中找到相关句：The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called [u]electrons[/u] trapped in the belts to fall into the [u]Earth's atmosphere[/u] at the poles.As the [u]electrons[/u] fall to the Earth,they collide with [u]gas molecules[/u] in the [u]atmosphere[/u],creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmos- pheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky,they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights．定位线索词集中出现在第三段中，因此重点关注第三段。首先重点关注第三段的前两句。这两个句子说明“磁场磁力线的断开和闭合产生叫电子的原子粒子，该原子粒子会被截留在磁场中，并最终落入地球两极的大气层中。等离子流的电子进入地球，与大气层的气体分子发生碰撞，在天空中产生光芒”。接下来的句子提到 “每一种大气层的气体会产生不同颜色的光，氧和氮发红绿光，氮气发蓝紫光。当这些不同颜色的光在夜空中闪烁时就产生了北极光和南极光”。由此可见当等离子流的电子进入两极的大气层，并与大气层的气体分子发生碰撞时，就会产出极光。题干句表达的意思与短文介绍的极光成因相符，所以答案是A。 题干意为“除非你在阿拉斯加州或是在加拿大，否则你看不见北极光”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语Northern Lights, Alaska, Canada作为定位线索，在第四段中找 到相关句：Watching [u]auroras[/u] (Northern Lights的近义词）is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like [u]Alaska[/u] and [u]Canada[/u].The movement of the auro- ra across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pul- sate,flicker,or even move like waves.During solar maximum,auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico！定位线索词集中在第四段中，因此重点关注这个段落，尤其是该段第一句。该句意为“看北极光很有趣也很令人兴奋，但是通常你只有在极北的地方，例如在阿 拉斯加州和加拿大才能看见极光”。但是接下来，该段最后一句还提到“在太阳风暴达到最高峰的期间，明亮的北极光甚至在位于极南面的佛罗里达州甚至墨西哥都能看到”，由此可见 并非只有在阿拉斯加州或是在加拿大才能看见北极光。所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一 致。因此答案为B。 题干意为“每年都会有上万游客专程前往娜威和瑞典观赏北极光”。利用题 干中的细节信息词/短语tens of thousands of tourists, special trips, Norway, Sweden, every year, Northern Lights作为定位线索，结果发现短文中根本没有提到关于游客的信息，因此题干中陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。所以答案为C。 题干意为“极光通常很接近地面，又长又厚”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语aurora , ground作为定位线索，在短文中寻找相关句，同时因为题千中出现了修饰词 long , thick，也关注这两个修饰词在短文中的出现情况，这样在第五段中找到相关句：[u]Auro- ras[/u] often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilome- ters above the ground,a distance much higher than clouds are f
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