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  3. 共用题干 The United States is a federal union of 50 states.The capital of nation...

共用题干 The United States is a federal union of 50 states.The capital of nation...

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问题 共用题干
The United States is a federal union of 50 states.The capital of national government is in Washington,D.C.The federal constitution sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and activities.The constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which are necessary for the common defense and the good of the nation.It also gives the federal government the power to deal with national and international problems that involve more than one state._________(46)
_________(47)The legislative branch makes the laws;the executive branch carries out the laws;and the judicial branch interprets the laws.The President heads the executive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial branch.The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress一 the Senate and the House of Representatives._________(48)For example,Congress can pass a law; the President may sign it. Nevertheless,the Supreme Court can declare the law unconstitutional and nullify（取消）it.
__________(49)The President and the members of the Congress are elected directly.But the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President. Every citizen votes in secret.__________(50)The people believe that their government should provide a framework of law and order within which they are left free to run their own lives.
选项 _________（47）
A:The election of government takes place every four years.
B:The federal government has three branches:the executive,the legislative,and the judicial.
C: All the powers that are not given to the federal government by the constitution are the responsibility of the individual states.
D:The United States government is based on the principle of federalism,in which power is shared between the federal government and state governments.
E:Consequently,no one knows for sure whether his neighbor actually votes for or against a particular candidate.
F:The constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents one branch from gaining too much power.
答案B
解析本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。第一段介绍宪法的时候提到：The constitution gives Congress the authority to...，以及It also gives the federal government the power to…介绍完宪法赋予国会和联邦政府哪些权限之后，接下来需要介绍的就是宪法没有赋予联邦政府的权力都归于各个州政府。因此正确答案选C。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。本句之后的三句话中分别介绍了the legislative branch , the executive branch , the judicial branch这三个政府部门，因此第一句是对联邦政府的构成做一概括介绍。因此正确答案选B。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。在对联邦政府的三个部门介绍过后，根据之后提出的例子可以看到这里需要讲述的就是三个部门之间权力的分散制衡，宪法限制每个部门的权力以避免某个部门的权力过大。因此这里选F。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。该句后面讲述了总统（the President）以及国会成员（the members of the Congress）的选举以及联邦各部门的领导和最高法院法官（the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges）的任命方式。因此本题选A：政府的选举每四年举行一次。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。前句提到：Every citizen votes in secret．每个公民都秘密投票，因此导致的结果就是没有人能确切地知道他的邻居对于某个候选人投了支持票还是反对票。因此正确答案选E。
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