首页
财务会计
医药卫生
金融经济
考公考编
外语考试
学历提升
职称考试
建筑工程
IT考试
其他
登录
职称考试
共用题干 第二篇DNA FingerprintingDNA is the genetic material found within the cell ...
共用题干 第二篇DNA FingerprintingDNA is the genetic material found within the cell ...
admin
2020-12-24
33
问题
共用题干
第二篇
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals(哺乳动物)
the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes(染色体).With the exception of identical
twins,the complete DNA of each individual is unique.
DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits
of DNA.A DAN fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such
as hair , blood,or saliva(唾液).The sample is then segmented using enzymes(酶),and the segments are
arranged by size.The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film,where they form a pat-
tern of black bars一the DNA fingerprint.If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match,
the two samples probably came from the same person.
DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985.Originally used to detect
the presence of genetic diseases,it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs.The first
criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988.In criminal investiga-
tions,DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA finger-
prints of suspects.Generally,courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test re-
sults into evidence.However,DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas:the accuracy of the
results,the cost of testing,and the possible misuse of the technique.
The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First,because DNA segments
rather than complete DNA strands are"fingerprinted";a DNA fingerprint may not be unique;large-scale
research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting.test results has not been conducted.In addition,
DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and
quality controls.Also,since human beings must interpret the test,human error could lead to false results.
DNA fingerprinting is expensive.Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not
be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.
Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA
fingerprint database.
选项
DNA fingerprinting was first used in________.
A:criminal investigation
B:animal reproduction
C:private laboratories
D:genetic disease detection
答案
D
解析
本题是事实细节判断题。文章第一段最后一句话“With the exception of identical twins, the complete DNA of each individual is unique.",意思是:除生物姊妹体外(如完全相同的双胞 胎),每一个人的整条DNA是独一无二的。说明双胞胎的DNA是相同的。故选A。
文章第二段对DNA指纹识别进行了解释,可知DNA指纹识别法有时也称DNA印记 法。它是一种通过对比DNA片段来进行辨认识别的方法。故选D。
由文章第三段前两句话可知DNA技术最初是被用来检测基因疾病的,故选D。
文章倒数第三段讲述了人们质疑DNA指纹识别的三个原因:DNA指纹识别针对的是 DNA片段而不是整个DNA系统; DNA指纹识别是在私人实验室进行的很可能没有遵循相同 的鉴定标准;鉴定结果是人为分析的,人为失误可能会导致鉴定出错。四个选项中A项符合第 三条质疑,故选A。
本题是推理判断题。第五段意思是:DNA指纹颇有价值。如果犯罪嫌疑人不能将自己 的DNA提供给专家,他/她就很可能没有确凿的证据证明自己无罪。由此可以推断出,DNA 指纹对警察破案来说,尤为显得珍贵。故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://ti.zuoweng.com/ti/IR9QKKKQ
相关试题推荐
共用题干 TheFatProblemThatMenFaceItisapleasuretoseemenofacertaina...
共用题干 AgingThroughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatallliving...
共用题干 AgingThroughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatallliving...
共用题干 AgingThroughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatallliving...
共用题干 AgingThroughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatallliving...
共用题干 AgingThroughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatallliving...
共用题干 AgingThroughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatallliving...
共用题干 SmartphoneCustomersupforGrabAbout10yearsagoImetanadvertising...
共用题干 SmartphoneCustomersupforGrabAbout10yearsagoImetanadvertising...
共用题干 SmartphoneCustomersupforGrabAbout10yearsagoImetanadvertising...
随机试题
根据国家法规要求,法定的企业职工退休年龄是男性年满______周岁,女工人年满_
6.G.W.奥尔波特认为人格特质包括( )。 A.表面特质 B.
企业社会工作的功能是社会工作的一般功能在企业这一具体领域的展开,它包括()。
项目经理的权限有限,项目负责人实际扮演的角色为项目协调员的组织模式为()。
荆防颗粒的主治是
Duetotheheavydamagethestormhasca
妊娠合并心脏病患者孕期体重增加不应超过
某地上18层、地下3层的建筑,每层建筑面积为1500m2,首层为大堂,二层至五层为商店,地上六层以上各层为办公区,地下一层层高4.5m,设置设备用房和夜...
启脾丸的功能是A:健脾清热B:健脾疏肝C:健脾养心D:健脾和胃E:健脾益肾
据《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》,地下水环影响预测应考虑的重点区域包括()。A:地下水环境影响的敏感区域B:主要污水排放口和固体废物堆放处的地下水上游区域