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  3. 1)The original insight that people could

1)The original insight that people could

昕玥2020-05-20  93
问题 1)The original insight that people could be classified into Type A and Type B personalities and that Type A’s were more heart-attack prone1 grew out of research at the Framingham Heart Study laboratories in the late 1970s.　　Dr. Peter Wilson, director of the Framingham laboratories, agreed in a telephone interview last week that since the early studies, the AB issue has been getting weaker. 2)A large prospective study2 (in which people are followed for years before years before they get sick) last year showed the A-B behavior distinction was not associated with coronary artery disease.Now researchers are thinking in terms of “anger in” vs. “anger out” as the latest area of concern.　　Behavioral epidemiologist Elaine Eaker at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, one of the nation’s foremost scholars of correlations between behavior and heart disease, agrees in principle.　　“There is no epidemiological evidence on hostility alone, but anger has been linked to CHD (coronary heart disease) events weakly for white collar men and more strongly for women in clerical jobs,” she said last week.　　“The Type A concept is still viable because it has been a predictor of heart disease in at least two long-term studies. But recent research has shown that how you cope with anger may be the new coronary prone behavior of the future. And it’s tough to cope with anger,” she added.　　3)Since holding anger inside may lead to heart trouble and since acting it out by having temper tantrums is highly antisocial, Eaker says researchers now advocate maturely “discussing” anger—either with the person who makes you angry or with a friend—as the most constructive method of dealing with explosive feelings.　　4)Since the early Type A studies, researchers have been attempting to fine-tune the ways in which they can identify a person as Type A or Type B, not an easy task since people often deny or are actually unaware of some facets of their personalities and hence can not be asked point-blank if they are angry or impatient by nature .　　Dimsdale used both pencil-and-paper questionnaires and a “semi-structured” interview technique to identify Type A personalities among heart patients.　　In the interviews, he explained, “you ask questions slowly and sometimes even in a stammer and then see how rapidly the person will finish the sentence for you.” People who rush to answer are usually highly impatient and impatience has long been considered a major component of Type A behavior.　　5)Yet, no matter whether he used the self-report questionnaires or the more subtle interview technique, people identified as The A’s did not fare worse than the others.
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解析（1）人类可划分为A型和B型性格以及A型性格的人更易患心脏病——这一独特见解是70年代末期弗拉明汉心脏研究实验室的研究结果。　　【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。句中包含两个that引导的同位语从句以说明insight的内容，且两个从句由and连接。翻译同位语从句时，当从句内容较长时，可先将其解释的内容翻译出来，之后补充要说明的对象。“be classified into”表示“被分为…”，“grow out”指“产生”。prone“有…倾向的，易于…的”。（2）去年的一项大规模前瞻性研究（其间对很多人患病前观察数年）表明，A-B型的行为差异与冠心病没有什么联系。　　【解析】本句是一个主从复合句，括号里的内容做定语修饰“study”，本句谓语是showed，宾语是that引导的从句“the A-B…artery disease”且省略that。宾语从句是被动语态，翻译时将其处理为主动语态以符合汉语习惯。“be associated with”表示“与…相关联”。prospective“预期的，展望的”。（3）既然生闷气可引起心脏病，而靠发泄一通来消气又很可能产生不良社会效果，埃克说，现在研究人员提倡把“恼怒”说出来，平心静气地（或者同惹你生气的人，或者同一位朋友）进行“讨论”。这可以作为对付暴躁脾气的最积极的办法。　　【解析】本句句子很长，但结构较为简单。and连接两个since引导的原因状语从句。破折号中间是插入语说明“discussing” anger的对象。本句宾语较长，可采用拆句法，即先将method的内容翻译出来，之后再说明这是一种好的方法。“either…or”表示“或者…或者”。“lead to”意思是“导致”，“deal with”表示“解决，对付”。antisocial“不擅社交的，非社交的”（4）自从早期的A型性格研究以来，研究人员一直试图改进他们鉴别某人为A型或B型性格的方式，但这并不是一件轻松的事，因为人们常常断然否认或者实际上并没有意识到他们性格上的某些方面，因而不宜直截了当地问他们是否天生爱生气或者急躁。　　【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。首先是since引导的时间状语从句，接着是主句，主句中包含in which引导的定语从句修饰ways，最后一部分是对主句的补充说明，其中该部分是since连接的表示因果关系的句子。翻译定语从句时可将其前置位于修饰的名词之前。 “if…or”连接在asked后面表示“是否”。fine-tune“进行微调，调整”，point-blank“直截了当的”。（5）然而，无论他使用要病人自己填写调查表的方法，还是采取更微妙的面谈技巧，被鉴定为A型性格的人的情况并不比其他人糟糕。　　【解析】“no matter…interview technique”做状语，过去分词短语“identified…”作定语修饰people。questionnaire“调查表”。
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