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共用题干 Less Is MoreIt sounds all wrong-drilling holes in a piece of wood to ma...

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问题 共用题干
Less Is More
It sounds all wrong-drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks.But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than focusing on one weak spot.The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging materials.Carpenters have known______(51) centuries that some woods are tougher than others.Hickory（山核桃木）,for example, was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes（轮辐）because it can absorb shocks without breaking.
White oak,for example,is much more easily damaged,______(52)it is almost as dense.Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced that the wood's internal structure could explain the differences. Many trees have tubular（管状的）vessels that run _______(53) the trunk and carry water to the leaves.In oak they are large,and arranged in narrow bands,but in hickory they are smaller,and more
evenly distributed.The researchers_______(54)this layout might distribute a blow's energy throughout the wood,soaking up a bigger hit.To test the idea,they drilled holes 0.65 millimetres across into a block of spruce（云杉）,a wood with ________( 55 ) vessels , and found that______( 56 ) withstood a harder knock.______(57)when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimetre did the wood's performance drop off. A uniform substance doesn't cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually______(58).All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places , but often the pieces left ______（59 ) are pristine（未经破坏的）.
But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place,the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break,says Vincent."You are controlling the places_______(60)the wood breaks,and it can then absorb more______(61),more safely."The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material________(62)example,to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging.It could_______(63)be used in car bumpers,crash barriers and armour for military vehicles,says Ulrike Wegst,a_______(64)at the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart.
But she emphasizes that you______(65)to design the substance with the direction of force in mind. "The direction of loading is crucial,"she says.
选项 58._________
A:knocked
B:beaten
C:slapped
D:affected
答案D
解析for centuries是固定搭配，意思是“几个世纪以来”，符合语境。
这句话说，尽管白橡树可以称得上是稠密的，但是它很容易受损。这里表示转折关系。 although为转折连词，后加句子，despite为转折介词，后不加句子。B项符合句意。
这句话说，很多树有一些类似人体血管的管状物，可以把水分从树干运输到叶部。从树干到树叶是从下往上的顺序，up表示从下往上。C项符合句意。
know知道；conclude得出结论；see看见；think认为。情态动词migh，表示一种可能，而后面一句话说要对此进行测试，由此推测出此处只是一种想法。D项符合语境。
with no相当于without，表示“没有”，符合语境。per , each , every都不可以与with连用。A项符合语境。
此处为宾语从句，缺少一个代替a block of spruce的主语，it为代词，常用于指代前面出现过的事物，此处用于代替主语。A项符合语境。
only放在when前面起强调作用，表示“只有当……时”，后面用倒装结构。C项符合语境。
knock敲击；beat打击；slap拍击；affect影响。这句话说，一个统一的物质不能够很好地承受敲击，因为它只有很少的一部分确实会受到敲击的影响。D项符合语境。
这句话说，所有的敲击力量都集中在一两个地方损坏这些材质，而其他部分的木块通常都是完好的。leave behind是固定搭配，表示“被留下”。A项符合语境。
这句话说，你控制着木头会受损的地方，它就可以吸收更多的力量，就会更加安全。the wood breaks为定语从句，先行词为the places，因此用where引导该定语从句。D项符合语境。
water水；air空气；energy力量; safety安全性。这句话说，你控制着木头会受损的地方，它就可以吸收更多的力量，就会更加安全。C项符合句意。
for example是固定搭配，表示举例子。D项符合句意。
这句话说，它也可以用于汽车保险杠、军用车辆防撞护栏和盔甲。also意思是“也，还”，符合句意。
psychologist心理学家；physicist物理学家；biologist生物学家；pianist钢琴家。后面提到了“Max Plank Institute for Mental Research"（马克思普朗克心理研究所）, Ulrike Wegst在心理研究所工作，可推测出她应该是一位心理学家。A项符合句意。
have to 是固定搭配，表示“必须，不得不”' must和should不能与to搭配。又因此处为一般现在时，故A项为正确答案。
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