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  3. 共用题干 第二篇Few Facts about LiesWhat exactly is a lie?Is it anything we say whic...

共用题干 第二篇Few Facts about LiesWhat exactly is a lie?Is it anything we say whic...

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问题 共用题干
第二篇

Few Facts about Lies

What exactly is a lie?Is it anything we say which we know is untrue?Or is it something more than that?For example,suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you.You say"I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself."In fact,you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?
Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him,women are better liars than men,particularly when telling a"white lie," such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful.However,this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely tell more serious lies,such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at:the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie.It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying"I wish I were somewhere else now."They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often,in particular the nose.One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch （痒）.
Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Demond Morris in his book Manwatching calls"the mouth cover".He says there are several typical forms of this,such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers,touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
Of course,such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth,or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things,and,in particularly,the context in which the lie is told.
选项 Which of the following is not a gesture to suggest that one lied?
A:He or she will rub the nose.
B:Liars tend to cover part of his or her mouth.
C:The liar is likely to put on a red face.
D:Liars are likely to have more frequent movement when sitting in their chairs.
答案C
解析white lies意思是“无害的谎言、善意的谎言”，从文章第二段的第二句作者的举例可以看出，女性对自己的朋友撒无害的谎言，是因为她不想说实话令朋友不快，并非出于说服别人的目的，所以选B。
文章第二段指出“women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a‘white lie '” ，即女性比男性更善于撒善意的、不太严重的谎言。本段中间提到men are more likely tell more serious lies，男性会撒更为严重的谎言。所以选D。
推断题。本题答案参见第二段的最后一句“This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at"。政治家更擅长说严重的谎言。 C（生意人很少不信守自己的诺言）和文章内容不符，他们也撒谎，是为了谋取利润，D（女性会做出空虚诺）文章没有涉及，因此选A。
人们触摸鼻子的原因在于“lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure”，谎言使得人的血压略有升高，从而鼻子发痒，C（鼻子比其他身体部位更容易暴露谎言）只是其中之一，D说明了撒谎人捂嘴的原因，所以只有选项A是其原因。
A、B、D分别列出了撒谎时人体的一些动作，即触摸鼻子、捂嘴和不停地扭动，而选项C（会脸红）文中没有提到，因此答案为C。
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