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  3. 共用题干 第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside s...

共用题干 第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside s...

admin2020-12-24  30
问题 共用题干
第二篇

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.
If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.
People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.
The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.
If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.
Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.
On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.
选项 The new marrow usually comes from__________.
A:people with cancer
B:a family member
C:an organ donor
D:a relative or a stranger
答案D
解析细节题。第三段最后一句：通常新骨髓来源于一个捐献者，或者是血缘亲近的家人，或者是无血缘关系的陌生人。B不全面，C“器官捐献者”，也不正确。
词义推断题。第一段第二句：它包括不成熟的细胞，被称作干细胞。A是 “主要的”,B是“杰出的”,D是“重要的”，只有C是“发育不完全的”。
细节题。由第四段可以看出，A、C、D都是文章提到的，只有B"婴儿的血液”除外。
细节题。倒数第二段提到了生病的细胞一定要被破坏掉，A和B都是破坏的方式，都不全面。C意思不明，且与文义不符。D的意思是被彻底破坏掉。
推断题。A选项文章没有提及。C选项语气过于绝对，文章中没有如此说明。第三段第一句说癌症患者有时会在治疗前捐出骨髓用于日后的移植，D选项说必须，则是不正确的。从文章中可以看出，骨髓移植是很复杂的，因此B选项是可以推断出来的。
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