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  3. 共用题干 第三篇Why So Risky in Chemical FactoriesWhich is safer一staying at home,tra...

共用题干 第三篇Why So Risky in Chemical FactoriesWhich is safer一staying at home,tra...

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问题 共用题干
第三篇

Why So Risky in Chemical Factories

Which is safer一staying at home,traveling to work on public transport,or working in the office?Surprisingly,each of these carries the same risk,which is very low. However,what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry?Unfortunately,the former is 65 times riskier than the latter!In fact,the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity,and almost as safe as staying at home.
The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby.It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy.Fortunately,they are extremely rare.The most famous ones happened at Texas City(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso (1976),Pemex(1984)and Bhopal(1984).
Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small.No one died at Seveso,and only 28 workers at Flixborough.The worst accident of all was Bhopal,where up to 3,000 were killed.The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552.The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives,just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.
Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate（硝酸铵）,which is safe unless stored in great quantity.The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management,which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep.When the poisonous gas drifted over the town,local leaders were incapable of taking effective action.The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb.The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks.Yet,by a miracle,the two largest tanks did not explode.Had these caught fire,then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.
选项 From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of________.
A:natural gas,which can easily catch fire
B:fertilizer,which can't be stored in a great quantity
C:poisonous substance,which can't be used in overcrowded areas
D:fuel,which is stored in large tanks
答案B
解析第一段前面两句指出“待在家里、乘坐公共交通去上班或者在办公室里工作”一样安全，而后面作者提到“the former is 65 times riskier than the latter”，前者指飞行，后者指在化工厂上班，可以看出化工厂工人风险要小得多，所以选D。
第二段一开始提到化工厂爆炸之所以引起媒体关注主要是因为“0they often cause death to those living nearby"。导致附近居民的丧生，所以选B。
第四段的第三句提到“The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management”，管理失误在Flixborough引发了火灾，所以A正确。其他爆炸都有其不同的原因。
第四段的第二句说到了德克萨斯市的爆炸案，主要是峭酸按的储存不当所引发，可以推断峭酸按是一种易燃易爆的肥料，文中说“which is safe unless stored in great quantity”，即不宜大量储存，所以选B。
推断题。专家们“用每个事故来说明某种特定的危险”。他们的分析表．明，不管是出于什么原因，如果人们采取有效的措施，所有这些事故都是本来可以避免的。选项C意思完整，因此C正确。
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