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Sex Change Surgery Guidelines Drafted China is set to issue its first clinic...

admin2020-12-24  15
问题 Sex Change Surgery Guidelines Drafted
China is set to issue its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery, according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday.
The ministry is now soliciting public and professional (1)A. policiesB. placesC. opinionsD. services on the draft guideline. The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery, part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals.
Experts (2)A. acknowledgeB. estimateC. suggestD. advocate nearly 2,000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100,000to 400,000 are still considering it. However, no official number is available. In the draft, the MOHsets minimum (3)A. patternB. recordC. criteriaD. example for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.
Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single, the draft guideline said. They are also required to prove a persistent (4)A. problemB. desireC. effortD. feedback for a sex change, to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role, and to engage in mental therapy for at least one year.
Before surgery can take place, a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a (5)A. psychologistB. physicistC. chemistD. geologist after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.
Also, several legal requirements must be met (6)A. beforeB. afterC. underD. during the procedure. The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she does not have any criminal (7)A. courtsB. offencesC. tendenciesD. damages in the past.
Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the prospective receiver before the (8)A. accidentB. debateC. conferenceD. operation can take place.
The advent of such a guideline is believed to show that the government is concerned (9)A. aboutB. withC. toD. of the needs of a relatively small number of people who want to change sex.
But doctors also warn (10)A. ifB. whileC. whatD. that all stakeholders, including the hospital and prospective receivers, should be highly cautious about this surgery.
The operation is more than a medical (11)A. procedureB. careC.conditionD. examination due to its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those (12)A. followingB. helpingC. studyingD. seeking sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline (13)A. recommendsB. putsC. requiresD. warns surgeons to tell patients about other options such as hormone therapy. They are also required to explain the (14)A. risksB. differencesC. reasonsD. facts involved, and underlying social barriers including discrimination, and administrative recognition and approval.
For the candidates, the surgery itself is not the (15)A. socialB. bigC. economicD. current issue in the long run. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward.
选项
答案【C. opinions】|【B. estimate】|【C. criteria】|【B. desire】|【A. psychologist】|【A. before】|【B. offences】|【D. operation】|【A. about】|【D. that】|【A. procedure】|【D. seeking】|【C. requires】|【A. risks】|【B. big】|
解析这里是对名词的考查。句意：有关部门正在征求公众和专业的____。四个选项，policy意为“政策，原则”，place意为“地方”，opinion意为“观点”，service意为“服务”。四个选项代入原文，“征求大众和专业的观点看法”比较符合题意，故选C。 (2) 解析:这里是对动词的考查。句意：专家____大约2000名中国人已经做了变性手术，同时还有10万到40万人正考虑做这个手术。四个选项，acknowledge意为“承认”，estimate 意为“估测”，suggest意为“建议”，aclvocate意为“拥护，提倡”。四个选项代入原文。最佳答案是estimate，因为对于无法准确测量的数字专家只能做出“估测”。 (3) 解析:这里是对名词的考查。句意：在指导方针草稿中，卫生部给手术者和医疗机构设定了最低____。四个选项，pattern意为“模式，样式；，，record意为“记录”，criteria 意为“标准”，example意为“例子”。根据上下文的意义，卫生部提出的应该是最低标准。 (4) 解析:这里考查的是名词。句意：参加手术者要证明坚持要变性的____，以及已连续五年以新性别生活以及己(参加)至少一年的心理治疗。四个选项，problem意为“问题”，desire意为“渴望，意愿”，effog意为“努力”，feedback意为“反馈”。四个选项代入原文，“坚定的意愿”比较符合题意 (5) 解析:这里是对名词的考查。句意：参加手术者必须得到____的手术推荐书。四个选项，psychologist意为“心理学家”，physicist意为“物理学家”，chemist意为“化学家”，geologist意为“地质学家”，根据上下文，只有“得到心理学家的许可”是最合理的。 (6) 解析:这里是对介词的考查。句意：在手术____必须满足几项要求。根据原文，显然应该是在手术前满足几项要求才能接受变性手术。 (7) 解析:这里是对名词的考查。句意：接受手术者必须从警察局那里获得证明，证明其之前没有任何的犯罪____。四个选项，court意为“法庭，宮廷”，0ffence意为“犯罪，侵犯”，tendency意为“倾向，趋势”，damage意为“破坏”。根据原文，应该要求证明不是因为犯罪而变性，所以B项比较符合语境。 (8) 解析:这里是对名词的考查。句意：在____发生前，警察必须同意更改其身份证上的性别。四个选项，accident意为“事故”，debate意为“争论”，conference意为“会议”，operation意为“手术”。显然是“手术开始前”。 (9) 解析:这里考查的是固定词组be concemed about“忧虑、担心”，而concemed with是指“关心、感兴趣”。句意：这个指导方针的出现确实体现了政府对一小部分人想要变性的需求的关注。 (10) 解析:这里考查的是宾语从句。这里“all stakeholders，including the hospital and prospective receivers，should be hizhly cautious about this surgery”做的是wam的宾语，而从句本身为陈述句，所以用that引导。句意：但是医生警告所有的相关方，包括医院和接受手术的人，要谨慎对待手术。 (11) 解析:这里对名词的考查。句意：因为它的社会和法律影响，变性手术不仅仅是医疗____。四个选项，procedure意为“程序，手续”，care意为“照料”，condition意为“条件”，examination意为“检测，考试”。变性手术是一个医疗过程，所以答案为A。 (12) 解析:这里是对分词的考查。句意：医生需要给那些寻求变性的手术者说清楚一点，那就是他们也可以选择继续保持原有的性别。在本句中，用seek的现在分词形式充当名词的定语，意为“寻求变性手术的那些人”。其他三个选项都是动词的限定形式，都是充当谓语的，因此不符合要求。 (13) 解析:这里是对动词的考查．句意：指导方针____医生告诉手术者其他诸如荷尔蒙治疗等的选择。因为指导方针属于比较正式的东西，所以用require“要求”比recommend“推荐”更符合语境，而且下一句的“they are also required…”也确认应该选require。 (14) 解析:这里是对名词的考查。句意：指导方针要求医生解释手术____以及潜在的社会障碍，包括歧视、管理部门的认可和同意。四个选项中，与social barrier比较对应的应该是risk“风险”，所以答案为A。 (15) 解析:这里考查的是形容词。句意：从长远来看，手术本身对手术者并不是个____问题。四个选项中，只有big issue比较符合语境。
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