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共用题干 Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report e...

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问题 共用题干
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medica1 school.
The findings come from analysis of the______(52) a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Overall, out of the 1, 277 residents ______ (54)completed surveys, 1, 1 85 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).
More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.
______(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work.
Being "______(63)tasks for punishment,"being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64) someone"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.
选项 55._________
A:In spite of
B:In addition to
C:Because
D:Although
答案B
解析选项D构成一个动名词短语being threatened，与前面的humiliation和后面的physical abuse并列构成介词including的宾语。其他选项都不能作为介词宾语。
the已提示后面必须跟一个名词性词项，单填responses在这里还不行，因为后面还跟有 responses的对象，因此responses，后面还要有介词to,构成短语responses to a 13-page survey,意为“对一份13页调查问卷的回答”。
填analysis与survey并列作为本句主语，既是语法的需要，也符合文意。
关系代词who指代人，在从句中做主语。
该句的意思是：除了报告他们受虐待以外，45%以上的住院医生还说他们至少还目睹过一次其他人填写假病历的情况。只有填in addition to（除……之外）才符合句意。
A项had made在语法上表示“过去的过去”，被调查人“说”在句中是用一般过去时 ( said)，那么他们报告的情况发生在“过去的过去”。填B不行，因为have made表示的是以现在的眼光说明已发生的事。
既然前面有冠词a，那么这里必然需要一个单数名词。event在语法和意义上都符合要求。
本句意思是：10%以上的住院医生说他们不被允许有足够的睡眠。B项符合句意.be allowed to do sth．意思是“获准做某事”。其否定形式是在be动词后加not。
根据整句的意思，应该填without , hours without sleep指连续工作而得不到睡眠的时间。
这句话由两个并列的句子构成，用but作转折连词。前半句说的是正常情况，后半句说的是特殊情况。a typical week意为“一个典型的工作周”，符合句意。
本句意思是：虽然30%的住院医生说他们遭受了一些形式的性骚扰或歧视，但是言语上的辱骂却被认为是最普遍的问题。Although意思是“虽然，尽管”，放在句首，可以引导让步状语从句。In spite of意思上也可以，但不符合语法。
填were与主语they相一致，又与belittled构成被动语态。
填given与前面的being构成被动语态的动名词短语，与其他并列成分共同作主语。
填动名词having构成主语的一部分，与之前两个being为并列关系。
frequent意思是“频繁的，时常发生的，惯常的”，符合句意。frequency是名词，表示“频率，频繁”; dependent依靠的，从属的；independent独立的，单独的。
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