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共用题干 How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed1 People have wonder...

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问题 共用题干
How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed
1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs.nurture".
3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has littie,if anything ,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how  we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped  by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimuli  as the basis of their behavior.
5 Let us examine the different expianations about one human chiaracteristic，intelligence ,offered by the tow theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say ,they don’t believe that factors in the enviroment have much inluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our  inelligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an invironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will  experience greater intellectual development.
选项 "Nature"theory claims______.
A:human is i)Orfl with a certain personality
B:how the personality and behavior are formed
C:will experience intellectual development
D:tWo differenlt schools on the matter have developed
E:will influ ence on characters
F:human is horn with no personality
答案A
解析文章第一段讲述的是人们一直想知道他们的性格特征和行为方式是如何形成的。故选C。
义章第二段讲述的是社会科学家想去解释为什么我们拥有某些性格特征并表现出某些行为，虽然没有明确的答案，但由此产生了两种截然不同的学派。故选B。
文章第三段讲述的是支持“天性论”的社会科学家认为，我们的性格特征和行为方式在很大程度上是由生物因索决定的。故选D。
文章第四段讲述的是支持“环境因素论”的社会科学家认为，在决定我们的行为方式方面，环境因素比以生物为基础的本能因素更为重要。故选A。
由文章第二段第三句话“There are no clear answers yet , but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.”可知，虽然日前关于这一问题还没有准确的答案，但是已经产生了两种截然不同的学派。故选D。
由文章第三段第二句话“ That our environment has little , if anything , to do with our abilities , characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.”可知，支持“天性论”的社会科学家认为环境几乎对我们的能力、性格特征和行为方式没有影响，这才是这一理论的关键。故选E。
通篇文章讲述的都是社会科学家想弄清人们的性格特征和行为方式是如何形成的。故选B。
由文章第三段第一句话“Those who support the ‘nature ’ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.”可知，支持“天性论”的科学家认为，人出生时就具有某种性格特征。故选A。
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