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  3. 共用题干 Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect ...

共用题干 Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect ...

admin2020-12-24  12
问题 共用题干
Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.
Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.
选项 Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in______.
A:structure and function
B:color and function
C:size and arrangement
D:color and arrangement
答案D
解析根据第七段最后一句可知，Doctor Dully的研究表明学习障碍者的大脑不仅左半边有损伤，更大的范围也会有损伤，因此B项正确；根据第四段最后两句可知，研究表明有学习障碍的人的脑神经细胞排列，不像正常人的那样成线状排列，而是混在一起，因此C项正确；根据第四段第三到五句可知，左脑的脑细胞控制言语，左脑有问题可能造成学习障碍，因此D项正确：而A项表述在本篇文章中没有依据，因此选择A项。
根据第四段第二、三、四、五、六句可知，研究者发现了两个反常现象：学习障碍者左脑细胞的颜色反常，正常人的是白色，他们的是灰色；学习障碍者的脑神经细胞的排列异常。
根据第二段第二句可知，科学家们已经知道学习障碍不一而同，导致的原因也不同，因此A项正确；根据第三段第一、二句可知，学习障碍不表现在外部，因此B项正确；根据第七段第二句可知，学习障碍者的大脑活动异于常人，因此D项正确。第一段第二句表明，约有10%的孩子有学习障碍，并不是10%的人有学习障碍，因此选择C项。
根据第七段最后一句可知，Doctor Dully认为学习障碍者不仅局限于左脑有损伤，更大的脑域都可能有问题，因此选择D项。
本篇文章并没有表明要帮助有学习障碍的孩子提高智力，或要研究孩子如何读书、书写与使用数字，故排除A、B两项；根据第四段第三句可知，科学家们已经知道左半脑控制人的语言能力，故排除D项。根据文章内容和叙事逻辑可知，选项C为正确选项。
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