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  3. 共用题干 第一篇ObesityObesity refers to the medical condition characterized by stor...

共用题干 第一篇ObesityObesity refers to the medical condition characterized by stor...

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问题 共用题干
第一篇

Obesity

Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints.Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes,and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs.But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.
Most physicians use the body mass index(BMI)to determine desirable weights.BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese.
Weight-height tables,such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company,are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges.These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height.For example,a man of 1.8m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg,with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg,with an average of 62 kg.
The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat,as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue,which weighs more than fat. Likewise,a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue.
Obesity increases the risk of developing disease.According to some estimates,almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat,and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure.Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer,and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications particularly heart disease increases when body fat is distributed around the waist,especially in the abdomen.This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women.
The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable.Stereotypes about"fat"people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education,employment, and social relationships.The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be "thin"are especially severe for women,whose appearances are often judged against and ideal of exaggerated slimness.
选项 A heavy man ________.
A:certainly has a lot of fat in him
B:usually has a sedentary lifestyle
C:certainly has a lot muscle in him
D:may have muscle tissue that weighs more than fat
答案D
解析首先排除D项。文章第一段第一句告诉我们肥胖症是“storage of excess body fat"，也就是太胖了。
这里我们首先要明白critical的含义，它是形容词，意思是“重要的，关键的”。另外fat作形容词时意为“胖的”，作名词时意为“脂肪”。文章第一段提到身体需要从脂肪中摄取能量来维持生命过程，而且脂肪对于体内器官起到了隔离和保护作用。因此选项B 是正确的。选项A是说胖人应当受批评，是错误的；选项C是说只有胖才能健康，也不对；选项D脂肪多说明身体一定有疾病，也是错误的。
文章第三段最后一句讲到一个1.6米的女性体重应该在53千克到70千克之间，但第四段也讲了科学家们意识到体重并不足以显示脂肪含量的高低，因此49千克不应当被认定是不健康。因此选择选项D。
文章第四段提过，人重不一定是脂肪多。因此选择选项D。
文章最后一段讲肥胖的人在教育、就业和社会关系方面受到种种歧视。在人们觉得还是“瘦”一些好的环境中，女性形象给人感觉好坏的衡量标准往往是越苗条越好。因此选项A是正确的，选项C和D并未提及。
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