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  3. 共用题干 第一篇Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something th...

共用题干 第一篇Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something th...

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问题 共用题干
第一篇

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since.A man when he gets back who has not hada chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins"Twinkle,twinkle,little star",remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as"Twinkle,twinkle,little star"and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldi-- locks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student
may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for one's future development.
选项 The author explains the law of overlearning by________.
A:presenting research findings
B:setting down general rules
C:making a comparison
D:using examples
答案D
解析文章中反复出现了关键词“overlearning”，超量学习，可见这是本文最为重要的内容，而第一段提到有些我们童年学过的东西，即使多年没有练习还没有忘记，“A.cramming”是部分观点，所以C正确。
从第一段的“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember some-thing they learned...”可以看出人们对童年所学的东西印象深刻，而接下来具体举了游泳、骑自行车及讲故事的例子。B、C和D的内容文中没有涉及。
第二段是对“overlearning”的解释，在第三段则提供了具体的例子来说明，他既没有提供科学研究的发现，也没有定下一般规则或者做比较，所以D正确。
尽管乘法口诀表是超量学习的一个例子，但它又是这个规则的例外（第四段），即人们不会把它记得长久，相反，会很快遗忘。作者没有提到这是一个突击学习或者学数学的方法，因此A正确。
作者说到“...is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course...”尽管如此，它在某些时候还是有用的，比如，对于“future development”，可以有适量的突击学习，因为它可以让 ” a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination”，通过考试，所以选B。
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