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共用题干 第一篇Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California h...

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问题 共用题干
第一篇

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him,women are better liars than men,particularly when telling a"white lie", such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful.However,this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies,such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie.It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer,they are saying,"I wish I were somewhere else now."They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often,in particular the nose.One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.
Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book"Man-watching"calls"the mouth cover".He says there are several typical forms of this,such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers,touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.Such a gesture can be interpreted as all unconscious attempts on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying. Of course,such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth,or squirming about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things,and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
选项 We can learn from the passage that___________.
A:certain gestures can be used as proof to judge whether a speaker is lying or not
B:politicians and businessmen lie more often than ordinary people
C:some gestures are proofs of lying only if they occur frequently
D:there is no simple way to judge if people tell lies or not
答案D
解析词义推断题。在第一段中第一次出现“white lie”这个名词时，后面有个例子：例如当一位女士在某个聚会上告诉另外一位女士说喜欢她穿的裙子，而实际上她这么说的时候心里觉得这条裙子糟糕透了。通过这个例子可以得知答案为D，即“善意的谎言”。
推断题。根据第一段第二句：据他说，女人比男人更擅长撒谎，尤其是在撒“善意的谎言”方面和第四句：其他研究者则说男人更有可能撒情节比较恶劣的谎，可以推断出在一些无伤大稚的事情方面女人比男人更擅长撒谎，可是男人不撒谎则已，要是撒起谎来都是些情节较为严重的谎言。因此选A。
细节题。第二段最后一句解释了撒谎人撒谎时喜欢摸鼻子的原因：这么做的原因可能是撒谎导致血压上升，鼻子尖对于这种变化非常敏感，上升的血压导致鼻子发痒。因此选B。
推断题。第三段第三句：这样的动作可以解释为撒谎者想要阻止自己撒谎的一种无意识的行为。因此选C。
推断题。根据是最后一段最后三句话：当然，摸鼻子或者遮盖嘴巴或者在椅子上动来动去并不能当作证明说话人撒谎的证据。只不过这些动作在撒谎的情况下更容易发生而已。泄露撒谎者的不是某一个动作，而是很多动作，尤其是撒谎时所处的环境。由此可知没有什么简单的方法可以判断出一个人是否撒谎。因此选D。
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