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  3. 共用题干 IQ-geneIn the angry debate over ho

共用题干 IQ-geneIn the angry debate over ho

题库总管2019-12-17  12
问题 共用题干IQ-gene
In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from par-ents and how much comes from experiences,one little fact gets overlooked:no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intelligence.So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some.They figured that if you want to find a"smart gene,"you should look in smart kids.They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years ear-ly-and still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought."We have,"says Plomin,"the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."
Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each,all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland.In one group,the average IQ is 103.All the children are white .Isolating the blood cells,the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6 .Of the
37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for,one jumped out:a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group-32 percent versus 16 percent. The study,in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.
Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study.One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for"chopsticks fallacy".Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility,but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than,say,Af-ricans.Similarly,Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that em-phasize academic achievement."What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?"asks ge-neticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University."That alone might explain the link to intel-ligence,since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environ-ment."And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chro- mosome,as the researchers did,and find that one is more common in smarter kids,that might re- flect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence.Warns Feinberg:"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."
选项 In the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agree______.A: how many children learn by experienceB: how much of IQ comes from genesC: how many children inherit genes from parentsD: how much of IQ comes from intelligence
答案B
解析理解第一段的第一句话是关键，debate over后面跟了两个并列的how much从句，第一个how much中谈到孩子从父母处继承的基因。只有B项符合题意。 根据前一句提供的语境no one has identified any genes that affect intelligence。 some 在这里只能指genes。 第三段第一开头就告诉我们关于使用筷子能力的发现是一个误区（fallacy)，接下来说Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility,but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than , say , Africans.所以选A，而C项和D项文中均未提及。 此题的依据在最后一段，特别是Similarly...一句和Neil Risch的结论...that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. C和D纯属文中未提及的、与主题无关的内容。 with a whole box of salt意为“很怀疑”，源自固定短语with a grain of salt（抱怀疑态度）。以a whole box（一整盒）替换a grain（一粒），加强了怀疑的程度。
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