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  3. Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic (光电的）...

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic (光电的）...

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问题 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic (光电的）thermal energy systems，or PVTs，generate both heat and electricity，but _______ (51) now they haven’t been very good at the heatgenerating part compared with a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they
operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon (晶体桂）solar cells, ________(52) lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower ____________ (53) _ And it’salso a space problem: photovoltaic cells can_____________ (54) up all the space on the roof，leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies，Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering，has devised a _______ (55) in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous (非晶形的）silicon，commonly known _____________ (56) thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter， flexible， and cheaper. And, because they __________ (57) much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. ______ (58)，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency drops when you (59) them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell，” Pearce explains，which is one of the _________ (60) thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a________ (61) to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new____________ (62) of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling _____ (63) of water，they could make thicker cells that largely _______ (64) the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy cell ector，they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they _____(65) the solar cell’s electrigal eff行iciency by over 10 percent.
Aunless
Bwhen
Cif
Duntil
选项
答案D
解析本题考查连接词的意思。本句的意思是“太阳光伏发电系统既产热又产电，但是直到现在它在产生热能方面不如太阳能单机集热器”。A是“除非”，B是“当...时候”， C是“如果”，D是“直到”，所以答案是D。
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