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  3. 共用题干 第二篇In many of the developinlg countries in Africa and Asia,the populati...

共用题干 第二篇In many of the developinlg countries in Africa and Asia,the populati...

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问题 共用题干
第二篇

In many of the developinlg countries in Africa and Asia,the population is growing fast.The reason for this is simple:Women in these countries have a high birth rate一from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor,without the food or resources to care for their families.Why do they have so many children?Why don't they limit the size of the family?The answer may be that they often have no choice.There are several reasons for this.
One reason is economic.In a traditional agricultural economy,large families are helpful.Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In an industrial economy,the situation is different. Many children do not help a family;instead,they are an expense.Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate.This was the case in Italy,which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of the twentieth century,Italy was a poor,largely agricultural country with a high birth rate.After World War Ⅱ,Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.By the end of the century,the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the world's lowest.
However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.Saudi Arabia, for example,does not have an agriculture-based economy,and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate(7.0).Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries,with largely agricultural economies,but they have recently reduced their population growth.
Clearly,other factors are involved.The most important of these is the condition of women.A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia.There,the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home.On the other hand,the improved condition of womnen in Mexico,Thailand,and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control.Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive ,birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore,Sri Lanka,and India,as well as in Indonesia,Thailand,Mexico,and Brazil.In these countries,women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
These trends show that an effective programn to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet theii needs.Only then,in fact,does it have any real chance of success.
选项 According to this passage,Italy today is an example of an__________.
A:agricultural country with a high birth rate
B:agricultural country with a low birth rate
C:industrialized country with a low birth rate
D:industrialized country with a high birth rate
答案C
解析根据文章第二段我们知道“在传统的农业经济中，家庭成员多是十分有利的。孩子多就意味着田里的劳动力多，而且有人给父母养老”。因此选项A是正确的。
文章第二段以意大利为例证明了国家工业化以后，人口出生率就会降低的观点。因此只有选项B是正确的。
文章第二段的叙述说明如今的意大利是一个工业化、低出生率的国家。因此选项C是正确的。
文章第三段第一句话告诉我们经济并不是唯一影响出生率的重要因素，这暗示了接下来会讲一些其他影响出生率的因素。文章以沙特阿拉伯为例就是为了证明这一点。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第四段后半部分讲到这些国家的政府采取措施为妇女提供更多的教育和机会来改善妇女的生活状况。因此选项D是正确的。
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