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共用题干 第一篇A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the PlanetEven with the best will in the world,re...

admin2020-12-24  4
问题 共用题干
第一篇

A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the Planet

Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more.
选项 What is Stephen Schneider's idea of preventing global warming?
A:To ask governments to take stronger measures.
B:To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.
C:To apply sunscreen to the Earth.
D:To decrease greenhouse gases.
答案C
解析题干意思为：通过前两段，作者认为……第一段第一句：Even with the best will in the world , reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming．即使怀着世间最美好的愿望，减少碳排放也不会阻止全球变暖。第二段第一句：Fortunately , if the worst comes to the worst , scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves．幸运的是，如果情况越来越糟，科学家们还有一些应对措施。通过这两句可以明显地看出，作者对限制排放是持反对态度的，认为限排不能解决问题，所以选择B项。
题干意思为：科学家们反对人们对他们的选择进行讨论，因为他们不想让人们知道……第二段第二句：For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem.他们反对人们讨论这些选择的主要原因是担心引起自满情绪，从而使得从根本上解决问题的努力受挫。经过分析，只有C选项正确。
题干意思为：Stephen Schneider提到毒瘾和美沙酮疗法的用意何在？第二段最后一句：If you have a heroin addict , the correct treatment is hospitalization , and a long rehab.But if they absolutely refuse , methadone is better than heroin．如果你有毒瘾，那么最好的方法是住院治疗，进行长时间恢复，但是如果都不管用的话，美沙酮总比海洛因强。显然他是要说明 Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict（美沙酮对毒瘾很深的人是有治疗效果的）。因此选项A正确。
题干意思为：Stephen Schneider阻止全球变暖的方法是什么？ 文中最后一段第一句：Basically the idea is to apply " sunscreen" to the whole planet．这种方法基本上是要为整个地球涂上一层“遮光剂”。经过分析，选项C正确。
题干意思为：根据最后一段，对于遮光剂的有效性的表述，哪一句是错误的？D选项It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere（减少大气层温室气体排放）正好与该方法冲突，所以该项不正确。
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