1、甲公司是一家制造业企业。为做好财务计划,甲公司管理层拟采用管理用财务报表进行分析。相关资料如下: (1)甲公司2017年重要财务报表数据如下(单位:...

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问题 1、甲公司是一家制造业企业。为做好财务计划,甲公司管理层拟采用管理用财务报表进行分析。相关资料如下:
(1)甲公司2017年重要财务报表数据如下(单位:万元)


(2)甲公司没有优先股,股东权益变动均来自利润留存。货币资金中有营业收入的2%为经营性资产,其余为金融性的货币资金。其他资产都是经营活动所需资产。长期借款为金融负债,流动负债均为经营负债。
(3)甲公司采用固定股利支付率政策,股利支付率为80%。经营性资产、经营性负债与营业收入保持稳定的百分比关系。利润表中营业成本、税金及附加、销售和管理费用与营业收入保持稳定的百分比关系。
要求:


<2>?、假设甲公司2018年营业收入增长率为20%,保持2017年的营业净利率。净负债税前利息率预计为5%,利息费用按照期初净负债计算。预计金融资产金额不变。不增发新股和回购股票,请预计2018年财务报表的主要项目金额(不用列出计算过程,按照平均所得税税率计算经营利润所得税和利息费用抵税,平均所得税税率的计算结果保留三位小数),并计算2018年的外部融资额。(单位:万元)


<3>?、假设甲公司目前已达到稳定状态,经营效率和财务政策保持不变且不增发新股和回购股票。计算甲公司2018的营业收入增长率。
<4>?、简述可持续增长率和内含增长率的区别和联系。

选项

答案

解析

(3分) 计算说明:根据“货币资金中有营业收入的2%为经营性资产”可知,属于经营性资产的货币资金=12000×2%=240(万元),属于金融资产的货币资金为400-240=160(万元)。

(3分) 2018年外部融资额=(6580-1500)×20%-1440×(1-80%)=728(万元)(0.5分) 报表数据计算说明:经营性资产总计=6580×(1+20%)=7896(万元) 经营性负债总计=1500×(1+20%)=1800(万元) 净经营资产总计=7896-1800=6096(万元) 股东权益=2740+12000×(1+20%)×1200/12000×(1-80%)=3028(万元) 净负债=6096-3028=3068(万元) 金融负债=3068+160=3228(万元) 税前经营利润=1700×(1+20%)=2040(万元) 净利润=1200×(1+20%)=1440(万元) 利息费用=2340×5%=117(万元) 这样则有:2040×(1-平均所得税税率)-117×(1-平均所得税税率)=1440 解得:平均所得税税率=25.117% 则经营利润所得税=2040×25.117%=512.39(万元) 利息费用抵税=117×25.117%=29.39(万元) 税后利息费用=117-29.39=87.61(万元) 【正确答案】 2018年的营业收入增长率=2017年的可持续增长率=1200×20%/(2740-1200×20%)=9.6%(0.5分) 【正确答案】 相同点:内含增长率和可持续增长率都是指销售增长率,都不发行新股。 两者的不同点: ①内含增长率是外部融资为零时的销售增长率,可持续增长率是不增发股票,保持经营效率和财务政策不变条件下的销售增长率。 ②计算内含增长率时,不增加外部债务,但资产负债率会有所变化;而计算可持续增长率时,可以从外部增加债务,但资产负债率不变。 ③可持续增长属于平衡增长,即资产增长率=负债的增长率=股东权益增长率,而内含增长不属于平衡增长。(1分) Answer: (5points)

External financing amount in 2018 = (65,800,000-15,000,000) ×20%-14,400,000× (1-80%) = 7,280,000(RMB) Explanation of Calculation: Total operating assets = 65,800,000× (1+20%) = 78,960,000(RMB) Total operating liabilities = 15,000,000× (1+20%) = 18,000,000 (RMB) Total net operating assets = 78,960,000-18,000,000 = 60,960,000 (RMB) Shareholders' equity = 27,400,000 + 120,000,000 × (1+20%) × 12,000,000/120,000,000 × (1-80%) = 30,280,000(RMB) Net liabilities = 60,960,000-30,280,000 = 30,680,000 (RMB) Financial liabilities = 30,680,000 +1,600,000 = 32,280,000 (RMB) Operating profit before tax = 17,000,000× (1+20%) = 20,400,000 (RMB) Net profit = 12,000,000× (1+20%) = 14,400,000 (RMB) Interest expense = 23,400,000 ×5% = 1,170,000(RMB) So, 20,400,000× (1- average income tax rate) -1,170,000× (1- average income tax rate) = 14,400,000 Solution: Average income tax rate = 25.117% Then, Operating income tax = 20,400,000×25.117% = 512,390,000 (RMB) Interest expense offset tax = 1,170,000×25.117% = 29,390,000 (RMB) Interest expense after tax = 1,170,000-29,390,000 = 87,610,000 (RMB) (3) Operating sales growth rate in 2018 = Sustainable growth rate in 2017 = 12,000,000×20% / (27,400,000-12,000,000×20%) = 9.6% (4) The similarities: Both internal growth rate and sustainable growth rate refer to sales growth rate, and no new shares are issued. The differences: ① The internal growth rate is the sales growth rate when external financing is zero, and the sustainable growth rate is the sales growth rate under the condition that no additional stocks are issued and the operating efficiency and financial policies remain unchanged. ②When calculating the internal growth rate, the external debt will not be increased, but the asset/liability ratio will change; When calculating the sustainable growth rates, the debt can be increased from the outside, but the asset/liability ratio remains unchanged. ③Sustainable growth belongs to balanced growth, that is, the growth rate of assets = the growth rate of liabilities = the growth rate of shareholders' equity, while internal growth does not belong to balanced growth.
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