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  3. 共用题干 第二篇XerographyFor a long time Chester Carison carried around his the inv...

共用题干 第二篇XerographyFor a long time Chester Carison carried around his the inv...

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问题 共用题干
第二篇

Xerography

For a long time Chester Carison carried around his the invention,the little black box,over which he had worked and struggled for years.He presented it to the directors of twenty-one large American corporations,such as"General Electric,International Business Machines(IBM),Lockheed,and RCA."Nobody wanted it.
Nobody wanted to invest a penny in it.
It must be painful for those directors to think of Chester Carlson now. For the little black box is the heart of the multi-billion-dollar Xerox Corporation. Carlson is the inventor of "xerography（静电复印术）"(from two Greek words meaning "dry writing"),the dry-printing process used in thousands and thousands of offices,businesses,industries,universities,shops,and government agencies around the world.
Thanks to Carlson,it now takes minutes to copy a document which,twenty years ago,would have kept a secretary busy for a whole day.And for a few pennies anyone can have a copy of anything from cooking recipes to Greek poetry.More than thirty billion such copies are made each year.
When Chester Carlson went to work in a patent office in 1930,the copying methods were slow, dirty,and expensive.In his job,Carlson had to make many copies of patents for inventions.One night,after working late and painfully,he decided that somebody had better find an easier way to do it. He went to work in the kitchen of his apartment with measuring cups and cooking pots.By 1937, having developed a simple form of xerography,he applied for his first patent on the process.
Then began Carlson's famous unsuccessful search for investors.Only in 1944,did the Battelle Memorial Institute of Columbus agreed to lent$3,000 to Carlson for research on his invention.According to the agreement,Carlson was to receive 25%of all profits.This part of the agreement later brought millions of dollars to Carlson,who borrowed money from his family to repay his debt.
Even with Battle's help,it took another year to find a company willing to buy Carlson's process. In 1945,Dr. Dessauser,director of the Haloind company,decided to adopt and market the process, which was then named"Xerox".Three years later,the Haloind company changed name to the Xerox company,which now is the 39th largest company in the United States,with sales of over four billion dollars a year.
选项 Why did the Haloind company changed name to the Xerox company?
A:Because the company made no other machines.
B:Because the Xerox was the core of the company and brought large profits.
C:Because it was the best way to get people to know the Xerox machine.
D:Not mentioned.
答案B
解析根据文章前三段得知切斯特·卡尔森在很长一段时间里都随身携带他的发明寻找想购买或投资的人，却苦苦找不到，所以选A。
第四段第二句提到了被这些董事拒绝的卡尔森的发明后来成为the heart of the multi-billion-dollar Xerox Corporation，为施乐公司带来了巨额的利润，所以选择C。
第六段第三句“he decided that somebody had better find an easier way to do it”指出卡尔逊自己深受老式复制文件的方法之苦，所以想要发明一种更容易的方法。
通过文章可以得知卡尔森的静电复印法成为了哈罗德公司的核心，并带来了巨额的利润，所以这家公司直接以这项发明“xerography”的前几个字母作为公司名，因此 B正确。
第六段最后可以看出卡尔森在1937年发明了静电复印术。第七段开头说到"Then began Carlson's famous unsuccessful search for investors"，卡尔森在多年后也就是1944年才找到资助研究者，可见D正确。
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