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  3. 共用题干 Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased mo...

共用题干 Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased mo...

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问题 共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from x-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.
选项 The more cigarettes one smokes,______.
A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhere
B:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have
C:what is most responsible for lung cancer
D:as some people imagine
E:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have
F:which form of lung cancer is a common one
答案E
解析文章第一段主要陈述了过去25年里男性中患肺癌的死亡率上升了8倍，女性中的死亡率也增加了一倍，并且在城市和工业区的死亡率比农村地区高。接着文中陈述了引起此种情况的原因，观察选项可知，E项符合题意。
第二段的第一句便是该段的中心句，即抽烟与肺癌死亡率之间有着紧密的关系。接下来又通过举例证明该论点。故本题选C。
第三段开头的内容指出了肺癌是在进行x射线检查结核病时被发现的，然后分析了常规x射线检查利大于弊。由此可知，本题应选B项。
第四段第一句指出支气管癌是一种常见的肺癌，接着又描述了该癌症的形成过程及对身体产生的危害等内容。整段都是对支气管癌的介绍。故本题选F。
由文章第三段最后一句的内容可知，现代x射线机在合格技师的操作下所产生的危害微乎其微，并不像通常人们想象的那样危险，故选D。
由文章第四段第五句可知，在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺完全切除是治愈肺癌的唯一方法，故选A。
由文章第一段第三句的内容可知，有很多原因可以导致肺癌，但关于最主要的原因仍存在争论，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句的内容可知，平均每天抽21到30支烟的重度吸烟者患肺癌的几率是不抽烟者的17倍。故本题选E。
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