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  3. 共用题干 The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers...

共用题干 The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers...

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问题 共用题干
The Worker 's Role in Management
Traditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is
particularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
选项 The word"rank-and-file" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.
A:senior
B:ordinary
C:intelligent
D:capable
答案B
解析由文章第一段第三句“Managershaverarelyfeltcompelled…”可知，管理者很少去关注员工的想法，故选A。
由文章第一段第五句及其后内容可知，很多管理学专家称工人并不仅仅是劳动力出卖者，他们和公司的利益休戚相关，或许可以为公司的管理做出巨大贡献，所以工人在公司的管理中应该享有发言权。故本题选D。
根据该词所在句子的内容可知，对公司的决策和行动缺乏知悉度这种情况在基层工人中会出现，故选B。
由文章第二段第三句可知，在1980到1985年间，大约有500万工人在未被提前告知的情况下成为了工厂停工倒闭的受害者，故选C。
由文章最后一段第三句的内容可知，如果普通工人能在公司计划以及流程运营中具有发言权，就会使他们进行改进，增长士气，提高生产率，故选A。第三篇本文主要介绍了肥胖症这一世界性的问题。并论述了肥胖对身体产生的危害，以及可以对肥胖采取的预防机制。
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