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  3. 共用题干 First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has...

共用题干 First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has...

admin2020-12-24  14
问题 共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted

A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.
选项 There is no difference in structure between the self-contained heart and the mechanical heart.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案B
解析由文章第二段第一句“Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday."，可知，被植入的人工 心脏是由钦和塑料合成的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。
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