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  3. 共用题干 第二篇Some People do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harde...

共用题干 第二篇Some People do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harde...

admin2020-12-24  3
问题 共用题干
第二篇

Some People do Not Taste Salt Like Others

Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a Penn State
College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of
the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent,well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food
have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others,
pointed out John Hayes,assistant professor of food science who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health ex-
perts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that
are enjoyable to eat.This study increases undersfanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and
chips,on multiple occasions,spread out over weeks.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women,reportedly
healthy,ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively
modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly
used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt.However,some individuals eat more salt,both because they like the
taste of saltiness more,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,"said Hayes.
"Supertasters,people who experience tastes more intensely,consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack
foods have saltiness as their primary flavor,and at least for these foods,more is better,so the supertasters
seem to like them more."
However,supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in food such as
cheese,Hayes noted."For example,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk,but al-
so bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,"he said."A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant
because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named
Blakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result,Hayes ex-
plained,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal as variations in eye
and hair color.
"Some people,called supertasters,'describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter,while others,
called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter,"he said."Response
to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because super-
tasting is not limited to bitterness."
选项 The fourth paragraph briefly describes__________.
A:how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do
B:why the number of subjects was limited to 87
C:why more male subjects were chosen than female ones
D:how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research
答案A
解析由文章第二段可知，减少食物中的盐使许多口味重的人反对接受这种食物，选项中只 有“许多人努力接受低盐食物”符合题意。
由第四段的内容可知，整段主要讲的是“怎样选择被测试者以及研究中他们该怎 么做”。
由第五段的内容可知，口味超重的人特别喜欢快餐是因为快餐含盐比较多。
由第六段的内容可知，含盐高的乳酪可以遮住其苦味，使其不那么苦，所以口味重的人 喜欢吃含盐高的乳酪。
由最后一段的“biological differences”可以推断出人的口味是由其基因决定的。
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