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共用题干 Thirst for OilWorldwide every day,

昕玥2019-12-17  7
问题 共用题干Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power sta-tions,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we star-ted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally dama-ging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,oth-ers such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃ .Among other horrors,this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all
Arctic ice.
选项 “…we will need to cure our addiction to oil.”Why does the author say so?A:Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.B: Oil supply is increasing all the time.C: Demand for oil is increasing all the time.D: Oil supply is decreasing.
答案D
解析题干意为“为什么作者说‘……我们需要改变我们对石油的依赖性’?”该题考查考生对短文中某个句子意思的理解，首先找到该句在短文中所在的语境：Worldwide ev-ery day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the en-ergy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's sur-face each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it.So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to [u]cure our addiction to oil[/u]．第一段最后一句意为“但是当供应缩减时，情况就会改变，我们需要改变我们对石油的依赖性”。由此可知“我们需要改变我们对石油的依赖性”的原因是石油供应缩减，因此D项“石油供应在缩减”是答案。 题干意为“依据第二段内容来看，下面哪项内容不是短文中的作者想要表达的意思？”利用备选项中的细节信息词/短语wood , fuel of choice , coal , use of coal , most envi-ronmentally unfriendly fuel,oil, coal reserves作为定位线索，在第二段中快速识别与选项分别对应的句子：[u]Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice．Coal is still used[/u],mostly in power stations,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,[u]but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel[/u],but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its [u]reserves[/u] are five times larger than oil's．定位线索词分散在整个段落中，因此需要理解整个段落的意思。第一句提到“在蒸汽工业革命时代，高能煤成为首选燃料之前，燃木能满足大部分能源需求”。这与A项“燃木是煤作为燃料之前的首选燃料”意义一致；第二句提到“自从我们开始大量开采石油后，煤的使用就已经在逐渐减少”，这与B项“煤的使用在减少”意义一致；第三句提到“煤是使用效率最低，最不卫生，最不环保的化石燃料”，这与C项“煤对环境的危害性仅次于石油”不一致：依据短文内容来看煤对环境的危害排在第一位。因此该题答案为C。 题干意为“哪个国家是最大的石油消耗国？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语country , the biggest consumer of petroleum , the United States , Russia , Norway,Venezuela作为定位线索，在第三段找到相关句：Today [u]petroleum[/u], a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various otherchemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling au-tomobiles. The [u]US[/u] consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of green-house gas emissions．相关句（第三段最后一句）提到“美国消耗了世界上1/4的石油”，而除此以外短文中没有再提到其他的石油消耗国了。虽然选项C涉及到的挪威，选项D涉及到的委内瑞拉，选项B涉及到的俄罗斯在短文中也出现了，但它们都是作为石油产地国出现的，因此这三个选项都不是答案。所以答案为A。 题干意为“关于地球上的燃料储备，专家们是怎么说的？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语experts,earth's fuel reserves,next 50 years, energy crisis,convention-al reserves, fuel demand作为定位线索，在第五段中找到相关句：Most [u]experts[/u] predict we will exhaust easily accessible [u]reserves[/u] within [u]50 years[/u], though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an [u]energy crisis[/u] in the next few decades,when [u]demand[/u] exceeds supply. As [u]conventional reserves[/u] become more difficult to access,others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal．定位线索词集中出现在第五段中。该段第一句提到“大多数专家预测人类将轻而易举地在50年内消耗掉现在所有的石油储备”。这与A项“地球的石油储备在下一个50年间仍然还将够用”不一致；第二句“未来的几十年间，当能源供不应求时我们会很快陷入能源危机”，这与B项“将很快出现能源危机”意思一致，因此选项B是答案，同时该句意思与D项“燃料需求将下降”不一致：短文提及“供不应求”，这意味着对能源的需求将会增加，而不是下降；第四句提到“当常规能源不容易获得时，代之使用的可能是诸如油页岩和沥青砂等能源”，短文提到“常规能源不容易获得”，不是说“不能获得”，因此C项“很快将不能获得常规能源”与短文内容不一致。
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