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  3. 共用题干 Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains ...

共用题干 Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains ...

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问题 共用题干
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
选项 Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?
A:Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.
B:The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.
C:The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.
D:Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.
答案D
解析由文章第一段第一句的内容可知，波比认为婴儿从出生到3岁属于敏感的“依赖性”阶段，在此阶段和父母分开会对婴儿的性格造成伤害，并易引起以后生活中的情感问题，C选项和文意相符。
由文章第一段第二句中“SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowiby'sworkthat…”可知，一些人从波比的研究中得出结论：幼儿在三岁之前不应该送到日托，因为那样会使孩子和父母分开。故A项符合文意。
由文章第二段第一句话可知，人类学家指出，现代社会中孩子和父母之间被隔离的爱在传统社会中不常见，故选A。
文章第二段中列出的三条内容分别对应本题选项中的C、B、A三项。这三项内容都用来对波比的结论进行反驳，只有D项未提及，故选D。
文章第一段介绍了波比的观点和其支持者由此得出的结论，第二段介绍了波比理论的反对者的观点，第三段中透露了作者的观点。第三段前两句提到，因日托具有延迟效应，日托是否可能会在15年或20年后导致精神疾病或犯罪只能用统计的方法来进行研究，并且该段最后一句中提到，这个议题非常不明了。故C项符合文意。
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