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  3. 共用题干 第三篇The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this:"No wonder you are ...W

共用题干 第三篇The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this:"No wonder you are ...W

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问题 共用题干
第三篇

The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight

You hear this:"No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat."You feel sad:"I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?"Basically you can do nothing. Your genes,not your life habits,determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that,"80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese,as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight."
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well,dieting can be effective,but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch,a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight. The results were surprising:by metabolic measurement,fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
Thin people,however,suffer from the opposite:They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims,of the University of Vermont,got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months,they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended,they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true一each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
选项 What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?
A:Battle their genetic inheritance.       
B:Increase their weight.
C:Stay at home.       
D:Lower their weight.
答案B
解析题干意思：什么决定你的体重？第一段中：Your genes , not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it．你的基因而不是你的生活习惯决定了你的体重，而且你的身体总是试图保持原样。所以选择D。
题干意思：Jules Hirsch在他的研究中做了什么？第三段中：They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day．可以得出D选项正确。
题干意思：8个肥胖者出院后怎么了？ 第四段的最后一句：But months after the study ended , they were back to normal weight and stayed there．研究结束几个月后，他们的体重又回到了原来的样子，并保持不变。所以选择C项。
题干意思：Ethan Sims让他的调查对象干什么？ 第四段中：Ethan Sims,of the University of Vermont , got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．佛蒙特州立大学的Ethan Sims 在罪犯中招募志愿者去增重。可见选项B是正确的答案。
题干意思：科学家认为什么是对的？最后一段的第一句：The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true一each person has a comfortable weight range．这些发现还证实了一些科学家认为是正确的一点，即每个人的体重有一个适当的幅度。所以选择A。
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