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  3. 共用题干 第一篇A recent study,published in last week's Journal of American Medical...

共用题干 第一篇A recent study,published in last week's Journal of American Medical...

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问题 共用题干
第一篇

A recent study,published in last week's Journal of American Medical Association,offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed,a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone,by contrast,the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with. each additional passenger.
The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 pm,and especially after midnight.With passengers in the car,the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.
Robert Foss,a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers,have less to do with"really stupid behavior" than with just a lack of driving experience."The basic issue,"he says,"is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is."
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使······缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems,in which getting a license is a multistage process.A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult,followed by a period of driving with passenger restrictions,before graduating to full driving privileges.
Graduate licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes,according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place,but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest,with a novice（新手）driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.
选项 The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system_________.
A:is under discussion
B:is about to be set up
C:has been put into effect
D:has been perfected
答案C
解析事实细节题。第一段第二句的by contrast表明青少年驾驶者比成年驾驶者造成致命性事故的可能性更高。另外，从第二段可知，青少年驾驶者在晚上10点后开车更危险，而且当车里有乘客的时候，危险系数最高。综合以上两段就可以判断选项B为正确答案。
推理判断题。第三段结尾句暗示负责发放驾驶执照的成年人轻率地将驾驶执照发给经验不足的青少年，这是青少年发生车祸的部分原因。本文讨论的重点是青少年学会开车后的驾驶执照发放制度，并未讨论青少年学习驾驶的问题，因此其他选项都不能由该段推断出。
事实细节题。答案在第四段的首句。选项A和B在第四段最后一句皆有提及，但它们都是一些具体的做法，不如选项D有概括性。文中并未就青少年驾驶的时间给予限制的建议，因此选项C不正确。
词义推断题。本题考查对graduated一词的理解。根据第四段第一句中的“…is a multistage process”及第二句中的“first, followed, before”等词，可以看出graduated一词表示的是一个渐进的过程，选项C中的step by step与此同义，因此选项C正确。选项A将 graduated曲解为“毕业”；文中并未提及获得驾照的人必须进入驾驶学校学习，因此选项B不对；文中也没有提到要有多长时间的驾驶经验才算足够长，所以选项D不正确。
事实细节题。本题考查对动词词组的理解。在结尾段的第二句中，短语 have...in place意为“具备、拥有”，选项C为其近义表达。
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