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  3. 共用题干 Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that child...

共用题干 Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that child...

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问题 共用题干
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience
often succeeds in a complete mastery（精通）of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental
powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this differ-
ence?
Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash,
ever-bubbling（冒泡的）spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
understood and fulfilled.
Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
选项 Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案A
解析句意：和学习外语的成人相比，儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键 词，可在文中第一段找到相关叙述：A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case , may end up with faulty and inexact command.（一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全 掌握语言，而大多情况下，一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确），因此可推 知，儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语来说，学的要好得多，故此题为“正确”的。
句意：成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依 ，据此关键词在第一段的第四句中发现相关叙述：A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.（在大多数的情况下一个脑 力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。）但原文中并没提到“造成成年人掌握外 语的能力较差的原因”，故此题为“未提及”的。
儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。 根据文章第二段的段首句："...the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因，不难判断出 题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的，故此题为“错误”的。
句意：早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life，依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句：In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life.（早年学习母语的时间是最 有益的。）接下来的一句突出的说明了儿童期听力练习的方式。故此题为“正确”的。
句意：儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。借助常识判断该句的说法不正确。关键 词：all the year round，依据此关键词在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句：Then the child has, as it were , private lessons all the year round.（儿童学习母语好像是常年上家教课。）比较原句和 问题句的结构，发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。因为部分结构的差异往往是设置了陷 阱。实际上，as it were的含义是“好像是”。所以原文说“好像是”，而题干句说“是”，所以判断 题干句“不正确”，故此题为“错误”的。
句意：手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词：Gestures and facial ex- pressions，依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句：The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.（儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语，而且母语中还伴 随了正确的手势和面部表情。）可见原句的说法与题干句一致，故此题为“正确”的。
句意：就语言教学而言，教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。 本题主要考查对事实的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断，并没有提及到“教师与学生 的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”，故此题答案为C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
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