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  3. 共用题干 第一篇Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem ...

共用题干 第一篇Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem ...

admin2020-12-24  10
问题 共用题干
第一篇

Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global
estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries,especially low and middle income
countries,are lacking.
Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the
country and the method of research used.Nonetheless,international studies reveal that approximately 20% of
women and 5-10% of men report being sexually abused as children,while 25-50% of all children report
being physically abused.Additionally,many children are subject to emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as
psychological abuse).
Every year,there are an estimated 31 ,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates
the true extent of the problem,as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly
attributed to falls,bums and drowning.
Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.
Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can
impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently,as adults,maltreated children are at
increased risk for behavioural,physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health
consequences,maltreatment can contribute to heart disease,cancer,suicide,and sexually transmitted infections.
Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment,there is an economic impact,including costs of
hospitalization,mental health treatment,child welfare,and longer-term health costs.
A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified.These risk factors are not present
in all social and cultural contexts,but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child
maltreatment.
It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A
number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated,such as being
either under four years old or an adolescent,being unwanted,or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents
and having special needs,crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.
选项 The word"underestimates"in Paragraph 3 means__________.
A:exaggerates
B:points out
C:assumes
D:miscalculates
答案D
解析由第二段第三句“international studies...being sexually abused as children...physically abused”可知有很多孩子受到虐待。
由第三段可知，31 000这个数字是个被低估的数字，还有很多摔死、溺死的小孩也与虐 待有关。underestimate意为“低估”，此处与miscalculate（判断错误）意思相符。
由第四段第二句可知A项正确，由该段最后一句可知，B、C两项正确，故选D。
由最后一段最后一句中的“crying persistently（总是哭）”可知A项正确。
由第三段可知，每年不止31 000名15岁以下的孩子死亡，还有摔死、饿死、淹死的。故 选B。 第二篇 本篇文章主要探讨了移动电话是否对人体有害，作者建议人们少用移动电话。
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