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  3. 共用题干 第一篇Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population...

共用题干 第一篇Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population...

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问题 共用题干
第一篇

Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply "dumping grounds"for the dying in which" care" is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.
选项 In Paragraph 3,the phrase "this need" refers to________.
A:the need to prolong the lives of old people
B:the need to enrich the life of the retired people
C:the need to build profit-making nursing homes
D:the need to take care of a sick and weak person
答案D
解析第一段最后一句说：" In fact , it is a decrease in death rates , not an increase in birth rates , that has led to the population explosion.（实际上，导致人口爆炸的是死亡率的降低而不是出生率的增长。）”因此，选项C是正确答案。
第二段第四句：" In times of famine , infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.（在饥荒年代，人们可以忍受婴儿死亡，因为如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来，他们可以重新生儿育女。）”因此，选项B是正确答案。
从第二段倒数第二句“In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.”可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。因此，选项A是正确答案。
第三段第三句：" Today , with most members of a household working or in school , there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.（现在，由于大多数的家庭成员都在工作或上学，所以常常没有人在家照顾生病或身体虚弱的人。）”因此，选项D 是正确答案。
文章最后一句："...most of them are simply 'dumping grounds' for the dying in which 'care' is given by poorly paid , overworked , and under-skilled personnel.（大多数机构只不过是垂死的人的“垃圾场”，所谓的“照顾”都是由收入低、工作量大、技术水平低下的人员提供的。）”作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项D是正确答案。
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