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  3. Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destruct Scientists have long understood...

Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destruct Scientists have long understood...

admin2020-12-24  38
问题 Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destruct
Scientists have long understood that supermassive （超大质量的） black holes weighing millions or billions of Suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole’s gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.
Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris （巴黎天文台） in Meudon， France，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life，as it veered （改变方向） towards a supermassive black hole.
When the star gets close enough，the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake （薄饼）shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “ There will be an explosion of the star 一 it will be completely destroyedBrassart says. Although the
explosion obliterates （使消失）the star，it saves some of the star’s matter from being devoured （吞没） by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach，he says.
The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that.rips the star apart, its matter 今 tarts swirling （旋动）into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so，releasing
ultraviolet light and X-rays.
If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.

What would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?
选项 A The black hole would rip the star apart.
B The star would veer away from the black hole.
C The black hole would reduce its own size considerably.
D The flattening process would reduce the star's density.
答案A
解析
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