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  3. 共用题干 Artificial SpeechBecause speech is the most convenient form of communic...

共用题干 Artificial SpeechBecause speech is the most convenient form of communic...

admin2020-12-24  19
问题 共用题干
Artificial Speech

Because speech is the most convenient form of communication,in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers.The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window into the world. It will have to be small enough to slip into our pocket,so there will be a screen but no keyboard:you will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the Internet and will keep relevant information up to you as it comes in. Such devices will evolve naturally in the next five to ten years.
Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based Internet world is uncertain.Many believe that,initially at least,we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen:click,back,forward,and so on.But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population.
Changes like this will encompass（围绕，包围）the whole world. Because English is the language of science,it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced,but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided（假如）there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.
Of course,in any language there are still huge problems for us to solve.Carefully dictated, clear speech can now be understood by computers with only a 4-5 percent error rate,but even the most advanced technology still records 30-40 percent errors with spontaneous speech.Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversation,but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviors is probably 50 years off. We are not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.
In the past,insufficient speed and memory have held us back,but these days they are less of an issue.However,there are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental（不断增长的）developments in performance are more likely. But it is true that by about 2040 or so,computer architectures will need to become highly parallel（并行的）if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will replace the methods we are developing now.
选项 Within ten years,computers can make conversations which take human social behaviors into account.
A:Right       
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案B
解析本题给出的信息是正确的。第一段提到：so there will be a screen but no keyboard: you will simply talk to it．从这句话中可知，将来的电脑将只有一个屏幕，而没有键盘，我们只需要向它说话即可。因此，虽然我们现在使用键入或点击的方式，但将来只用说就可以了。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。文章中只提到“它得小到可以装入你的衣兜”，但并没有和火柴盒作比较。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。文章只在第三段中提到了“英语是科学界使用的语言”，但没有谈及法语。
本题给的信息是错误的。文章中第四段提到：but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviors is probably 50 years off．但是想要计算机在与我们对话时考虑到人的社会行为，大概得要50年以后了。我们10年内能做到的只是制造出能应答特定话题的计算机。
本题给出的信息是正确的。文中第四段提到：clear speech can now be understood by computers with only a 4-5 percent error rate,but even the most advanced technology still records 30-40 percent errors with spontaneous speech．可见，计算机在理解清晰话语时错误率为 4%～5%，而识别自发话语时错误率是30%～40%。
本题给出的信息是错误的。文中第五段第一句提到：In the past, insufficient speed and memory have held us back．这说明内存不足只是以前的缺陷，现在已不再成为问题。
本题给出的信息是错误的。文中最后一段提到：Personally, I believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely．这说明作者认为机器性能不断改进的可能性很大，并不是没有改进的余地了。
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