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  3. 共用题干 Climate Change:The Long Reach1.Earth is warming.Sea levels are rising.T...

共用题干 Climate Change:The Long Reach1.Earth is warming.Sea levels are rising.T...

admin2020-12-24  12
问题 共用题干
Climate Change:The Long Reach
1.Earth is warming.Sea levels are rising.There's more carbon in the air,and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history.Scientists who study the environment to better gauge（评估） Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.
2.People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy.That burning releases carbon dioxide,a colorless gas.In the air,this gas traps heat at Earth's surface.And the more carbon dioxide released,the more the planet warms.If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow,the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting.Climatologist Richard
Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.
3.Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so.During that time, changes in the planet' s environment could nudge（推动）global warming even higher.For example, snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space.But as these melt,sunlight can now reach-and warm-the exposed ground.This extra heat raises the air temperature even more,causing even more snow to melt.This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a"fast feedback".
4.Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks.However,he adds,they're limited.From a climate change perspective,"This century is the most important time for the next few generations,"he told Science News."But the world is not ending in 2100."For this new study,Zeebe now focuses on"slow feedbacks".While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries,slow feedbacks can take thousands of years.Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life-as they relocate to more comfortable areas-are two examples of slow feedbacks.
5.Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes.Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius(8.1 degree Fahrenheit)change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another 1.5℃-for a 6℃ total increase,Zeebe reports.He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
选项 Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach______.
A:the exposed ground
B:a very long time
C:the extra heat
D:recorded history
E:previously published studies
F:rapid exaggeration of impacts
答案A
解析第二段第一句就说人们燃烧化石燃料，随后又指出这样会释放二氧化碳，紧接着就说二氧化碳的危害。由此可知，第二段主要讲的是燃烧化石燃料的危害。
第三段主要讲的是，冰雪融化导致地表裸露，然后太阳可以直射地表，使地表升温，反过来又促使冰雪融化。这些都是对“快速反馈”的解释，即认为燃烧化石燃料会使温室效应愈演愈烈。
第四段主要表明，化石燃料燃烧的危害将长期存在，不会在短时间内得到根治，即便过了本世纪，其危害将会依然存在。这些是对“缓慢反馈”的解释，冰山融化与植物迁徙是“缓慢反馈”的两个例子。
第五段的第二句是主题句，主要讲的是Zeebe在考虑了“快速反馈”和“缓慢反馈”的同时，对未来气候变化做的一种预测。
根据第一段第三句“…recorded history.”可知，空格处应填D项。
根据第三段第四句“…exposed ground.”可知，空格处应填A项。
根据第五段第一句“.previously published studies...”可知，空格处应填E项。
根据文章最后一句“…thousands of years...”可知，空格处应填B项。"a very long time" 是对“thousands of years”的同义转换。
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