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  3. 共用题干 The Interpersonal Skills of Children Without SiblingsMany parents may t...

共用题干 The Interpersonal Skills of Children Without SiblingsMany parents may t...

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问题 共用题干
The Interpersonal Skills of Children Without Siblings

Many parents may think that each new sibling（兄弟姐妹）offers their children the gift of companionship.But while we tend to think that siblings teach one another conflict resolution and other interpersonal skills,new research says they are no better off socially than children without siblings.
"Most studies look at the negative consequences of having siblings in terms of educational outcome,"said Donna Bobbitt-Zeher,lead author of Good for Nothing?Number of Siblings and Friendship Nominations Among Adolescents."But we decided to look at social skills to see if there was any other possible benefit to having brothers or sisters."She and her co-author,Douglas Downey are sociologists at Ohio State's Marion campus,and neither is an only child.They presented their findings at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in August.
The paper is in large part a reply to a previous study,Playing Well With Others in Kindergarten:The Benefits of Siblings at Home,also co-authored by Dr. Downey,which found that kindergarten teachers rated children without siblings worse in interpersonal skills,self-control and problem behaviors.
But an only child isn't necessarily a loner and misfit.First,the social advantages found in children with siblings in the kindergarten study were quite modest.Second,the study relied on teacher evaluations,and teachers may not be reliable judges of friendships among their charges.
And now it seems that any benefits documented in kindergarten disappear altogether by middle school. Using a metric called"peer nomination（提名）",Dr. Downey and Dr. Bobbitt Zeher found that children without siblings had just as many friends as,children with siblings.
"I see the two studies as a natural progression,showing what happens to the only children who didn't have much interaction before kindergarten,"Dr. Downey said.Another study he is working on shows that the same only children evaluated in kindergarten had caught up by fifth grade.
While the studies don't examine the cause for the disappearing social boost to kindergartners with siblings,Dr. Downey speculates that continuing school,youth clubs and other group activities一especially in an era of overscheduled children一provide sufficient opportunity for onlys to sharpen their skills.
选项 Paragraph 5________
A:How the Study Replies to a Previous Study
B:Why the Benefits Documented in Kindergarten Disappear
C:Why an Only Child Isn't Always a Loner and Misfit
D:How These Two Research Are Related
E:The Author's Speculation on the Researches
F:The Focus of This Research
答案D
解析本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是这个研究的焦点。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是为什么说独生子女并不总是孤独的、不能适应社会或工作环境的人。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是这两个研究之间的关系。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是作者对于研究的推测。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。文章第一段第二句提到“we tend to think that siblings teach one another conflict resolution and other interpersonal skills”（我们往往会认为有兄弟姐妹能够使小孩们学会解决冲突的方法及人际交往的技能）。由此推断作者认为“人们觉得他们的社交能力比独生子女更强”是对独生子女的固有印象，这正是选项B所陈述的内容。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。文章第二段第二句提到“But we decided to look at social skills to see if there was any other possible benefit to having brothers or sisters”（但我们决定对社交能力进行研究，看有兄弟姐妹的孩子是否会有其他优势）。选项C中beneficial to children in any other ways与文中的there was any other possible benefit to having brothers or sisters意思一致。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段第三句：“Second,the study relied on teacher evaluations,and teachers may not be reliable judges of friendships among their charges.”但老师对孩子间友谊的评佑也存在偏差。这与选项E所描述的“老师对孩子间友谊的评估可能不公正”意思一致。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是文章最后一段：“ group activities …provide sufficient opportunity for onlys to sharpen their skills.”集体活动……给独生子女提供了充足的机会磨炼他们的社交技能。这与选项A中所描述的“从最后一段可知集体活动可能有助于提高孩子们的社交技能”意思一致。
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