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  3. 共用题干 第二篇The First Navigational LightsIn the New World,navigational lights we...

共用题干 第二篇The First Navigational LightsIn the New World,navigational lights we...

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问题 共用题干
第二篇

The First Navigational Lights

In the New World,navigational lights were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances.The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by"light dues"levied on ships,the original beacon was blown up in 1776.By then there were only a dozen of so true lighthouses in the colonies. Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses.
The first lighthouses erected on the west coast in the 1850's featured the same basic new England design:a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by.In New England and elsewhere,though,lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles.Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences,enormous towers were not the rule.Some were made of stone and brick,others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts;some were fastened to rock with iron rods.Farther south from Maryland through the Florida Keys,the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there一massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras,North Carolina lighthouse,which was lit in 1870.At 190 feet,it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction,most American lighthouses shared several features:a light,living quarters and sometimes a bell(or,later,a foghorn).They also had something else in common. A keeper and usually,the keeper's family.The keeper' s essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain a steady,bright flame.The earliest keepers came from every walk of life;they were seamen,farmers,mechanics,rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums.After the administration of lighthouses was taken over in 1 852 by the United states Lighthouse Board,an agency of the Treasury Department,the keeper gradually became highly professional.
选项 It may be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because______.
A:the coast was straight and unobstructed
B:ships there had high masts
C:coastal waters were safe
D:the lighthouses were bulb on high Places
答案D
解析本题考查考生对文章主旨的把握。考的是文章的标题。本文从最早的美国灯塔，谈到美国早期灯塔的建筑，以及美国早期灯塔在外形和建筑上的共同点，最后还谈到了灯塔管理人员的工作和生活。文章所提到的要点都围绕着美国早期的灯塔。选项A、B文中均有涉及，但并非重点。D项只提到了美国第一座灯塔。所以，正确答案是C。
本题考查考生对细节的把握。考的具体细节是作者提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地的原因。本文第一段第二句The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor提供了答案。所以，正确答案是D。
本题考查考生的推论能力。考的是位于东北地区的灯塔建得不是很高的原因。本题的线索在第二段第三句话：Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences , enormous towers were not the rule．由于位于东北地区的灯塔大多建在岩石高地上，所以一般都不需要建得很高大。所以，正确答案是D。
本题考查考生对细节的把握。考的具体细节是最高的砖砌灯塔位于什么地方。依据原文第二段倒数第一、二句：It was often necessary to build tall towers there一massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras,North Carolina,lighthouse,which was lit in 1870.At 190 feet , it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country．我们可以得知，1870年建于北卡罗来纳州哈特勒斯角的灯塔是美国最高的砖砌灯塔，高度为190英尺。所以，正确答案是C。
本题考查考生的推论能力。考的是北卡罗来纳州的海岸情况。原文第二段中：Farther south , from Maryland through the Florida Keys , the coast was low and sandy.It was often necessary to build tall towers there一massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras,North Carolina,lighthouse,which was lit in 1870.At 190 feet,it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country．据此可知，马里兰（Maryland）和佛罗里达群岛（the Florida Keys）需建同北卡罗来纳州的 Cape Hatteras一样高大的灯塔。由此可以推知北卡罗来纳州（North Carolina）的海岸情况与马里兰（Maryland）和佛罗里达群岛（the Florida Keys）相似，而马里兰（Maryland）和佛罗里达群岛 ( the Florida Keys）的海岸是low and sandy。所以，北卡罗来纳州也应是low and sandy。选项 A : rocky eminences是美国东北海岸的特点，选项B、D根本没有提及。所以，正确答案是C。
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