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  3. 共用题干 Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior...

共用题干 Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior...

admin2020-12-24  13
问题 共用题干
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
选项 People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening
答案C
解析文章第二段第一句说人们睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明；第三句说良好的睡眠习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，无法在地里干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合文意。
在文章第二段倒数第二句David博士直接指出：人们在睡眠问题上自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人经常忽略睡眠不足产生的后果，故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认为睡眠是最不重要的事情。A项“工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠”符合文意。
本题考了一个熟悉的词、subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听到过的文章。所以，这里subjects指人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
由文章第二段最后一句“…when they really need 7.5 , 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.和最后一段的研究结果“We've found that if you 're in sleep deficit , performance suffer…”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，故选D。
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