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  3. 共用题干 Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of th...

共用题干 Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of th...

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问题 共用题干
Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not.We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.
选项 In Paragraph 3,the phrase"this need"refers to______.
A:the need to prolong the lives of old people
B:the need to enrich the life of the retired people
C:the need to build profit-making nursing homes
D:the need to take care of a sick and weak person
答案D
解析由文章第一段最后一句可知，导致人口爆炸的原因事实上是死亡率的减低，而不是出生率的增高，故选C。
由文章第二段第四句可知，在狩猎与采集时代，遇到饥荒时，幼儿的死亡是可以接受的，因为如果其父母被饿死，幼儿也无法存活下去，B选项符合文意。
由文章第二段倒数第二句可知，在美国，很多退休后的人靠社会救济金生活，而救济金的数额非常小，以至于他们的生活穷困潦倒。A项的含义为他们大部分人过着艰难的生活，符合文意。
此句话之前的内容为：如今，大部分的家庭成员都去工作或上学，经常会发生无人在家照看生病体弱者的情况。接着本句话指出：为了满足这种需求……由此可知，这种需求指对照顾生病体弱者的需求，故选D。
由文章最后一段的最后一句可知，这些护理机构中只有极少数是不错的，绝大多数就如同接收濒临死亡者的“垃圾场”一样，所提供的“照顾”也都是由收人低、过度劳累及技术水平低下的人完成的，故本题选D。
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