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  3. 共用题干 The Oniy Way Is UpThink of a modem city and the first image that comes ...

共用题干 The Oniy Way Is UpThink of a modem city and the first image that comes ...

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问题 共用题干
The Oniy Way Is Up
Think of a modem city and the first image that comes to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven.It is true that some cities don't permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past.The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities,they create a demand for land.Since cities are places where money is made,that demand can be met.And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground.That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs.People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work,or home.
Elisha Otis,a US inventor,was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator,as he preferred to call it.
However,most of the technologyis very old.Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids.What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken.It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention.In fact,he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds,giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring.Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating.The reason is simple.Scientists have always studied animals in zoos.The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
"It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us-and you just can't choose to move away,"says workplace psychologist,Gary Fitzgibbon."Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions,"he says.Some people are scared of them.Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss.Some stand close to the door.Others hide in the corners.Most peo- ple try and shrink into the background.But some behave in a way that makes others notice them.There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
Don't worry about them.They are probably from a university.
选项 Otis sold immediately the idea of the lift to architects and builders.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案B
解析由文章第一段第三句和第四句话可知，一些城市因不愿意改变固有的风格而不允许建筑物超出一定的高度。故选B。
由文章第一段第一句和第二句话可知，在现代化的城市里，幢幢高楼如一根根指向天空的手指一般。说明现代化城市已经建了很多摩天大楼。故选A。
由文章第二段第三句和第四句话可知，在城市利用土地赚钱最好的方法就是建高楼让更多的人居住。故选A。
由文章第三段第一句话“The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.”可知，早在19世纪建造高楼的技术已经存在。但是并没有提到是在19世纪早期。故选C。
由文章第四段最后一句话可知，事实上，Otis在游乐场里让大家试乘了几年后，才把电梯的想法出售给建筑师和营造商。故选B。
由文章第五段第二句话可知，乘电梯已成为再普通不过的事情了，甚至会让人厌烦。但是并没有提到每天乘电梯是便利的。故选C。
由文章第六段第二句话“Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions …”可知，人们被封闭在这个狭小空间里会产生很多不同的情绪。故选A。
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