1) Italymay be facing economic depressio

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问题 1) Italymay be facing economic depression, but for Siggi, a textile firm near Vicenza in the north-east of the country, 2009 offers the promise of unprecedented growth.Siggi is the biggest producer of grembiuli, or school smocks. Once universal in Italian primary schools, they were becoming as outdated as ink-wells. But in July the education minister, Mariastella Gelmini, backed the reintroduction of grembiuli to combat brand- and class-consciousness among schoolchildren. Siggi’s output this year has almost sold out and its chairman, Gino Marta, says that “next year could see an out-and-out boom.”　　The decision on whether pupils should wear the grembiule has been left to head teachers. 2) It does not figure in either of the two education bills that have been introduced by Ms Gelmini. But it has become a symbol of her efforts to shake up Italian education. Her critics argue that these are a vain attempt to turn back the clock; her supporters see them as a necessary first step to a more equitable, efficient system.　　3) On October 30th the opposition she has aroused will reach its peak by a one-day teachers’ strike. The union’s main complaint is a program of cuts aimed at saving almost ￡8 billion ($11 billion). It includes the loss by natural wastage of 87,000 teachers’ jobs over the three academic years to 2012 and the return to a system in which just one teacher is allotted to each year of elementary school.　　4) If this is all the reforms do, they could prove as disastrous as union and opposition leaders predict (international studies find primary schools are the only part of Italy’s education that does well). But it is also planned that 30% of the money saved will be reinvested in schools. Ms Gelmini’s supporters hope that she will use it to redress the crippling imbalances in education, which is one of Italy’s biggest structural economic weaknesses.　　One problem is “lots of badly paid teachers”, says Roger Abravanel, author of a recent book on meritocracy. “The number of teachers per 100 students is one of the highest in the OECD. “Education, particularly in the south, has often been used by politicians for patronage and job creation. 5) This may explain why, despite studying for longer and in smaller classes, Italian secondary pupils do badly in international comparisons.“The north is around the OECD average, but the south is on a par with Uruguay and Thailand,” says Mr Abravanel. Giacomo Vaciago, an economics professor at the Catholic University of Milan, says that “although for the time being the debate is about cuts, the big problem is quality, which is random.”　　Presenting the latest reforms alongside Ms Gelmini, Italy’s prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi, promised that, by 2012, the best teachers would be getting a 7,000 bonus. But Mr Vaciago is unconvinced by the plans. “The present government is making cuts and hoping that the quality comes through as a result. There is no obvious guarantee it will,” he comments.(此文选自The Economist 2008年刊)

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解析1）意大利可能正面临经济衰退，但是靠近意大利东北部城市维琴察的Siggi纺织品公司却呈现出2009年会史无前例增长的前景。　　【解析】本句but引导两个并列句构成，其中but后的单句主语有同位语成分。首先，根据中文最不重要信息最先说的原则，but后的单句主语同位语是补充说明成分，确定先译；其次，地点翻译应遵循从大地方到小地方的顺序；最后，英文中多以无生命的物或事作主语，而中文多以人作主语，所以第二句由2009作主语转换为由人组成的公司作主语；此外，动词offer可根据上下文意译成“呈现出”，并增译宾语“前景”。（2）但这项决定并没有在杰尔米妮女士所提的两项教育法案中占据重要位置。　　【解析】本句由主句+定语从句构成，难点在于figure的翻译。首先，代词it根据上文语境，可知代指The decision，需指明要点，译出实意；其次，关键动词词组figure in其本意为“被包括，被算进；在...中出现”，根据语境可译成“占据重要位置”；最后，定语从句that很短，所以可放在所修饰词之前；此外，not in either of the two“两项中没有任何一个”，即两者都没有，故此处可省译in either of使句子更加简洁。（3）10月30号，由她而引起的对抗经过教师一天罢工的推动，将达到白热化状态。　　【解析】本句仅有一个句子构成，其中句子主语有定语从句，需要断句。首先，时间状语放句首，然后出主语，主语的定语从句很短则放修饰名词前，之后为不重要成分by方式状语，最后是中心语谓语成分；其次，by方式状语翻译时宜增译“...的推动”使文意更加流畅，谓语中reach its peak “达到顶点”，根据上下文意译为“达到白热化状态”更确切。（4）如果这就是教育革新要做的事情，那么恐怕就要像工会和在野党预测的那样，事情要到不可收拾的地步了。　　【解析】本句由条件状语从句+主句构成，其中主句中有一个as引导的方式状语从句，重点注意代词的翻译。首先，从句中the reforms指上文的教育改革，本句do后要增译“（所要做的）事情”使句子结构完整；其次，主句中they指教育改革所做的事情，代词需译出指代的具体内容；最后，主句和从句应该遵循先不重要，后重要的顺序，即从句在前主句在后的原则，故as后的比较状语从句放前；此外，注意中文关连词要成对出现，本句用“如果...那么...”。（5）这就是尽管意大利的初中生小班授课且学习时间比较长，但是在与国际相同学校比较时表现不如人意的原因所在。　　【解析】本句由主语+宾语从句构成，其中宾语从句中有插入语。首先，根据句子结构可将This may explain why翻译为“这就是...的原因”，即将动词词组转译为名词；其次，宾语从句中despite引导的插入语属于让步状语从句的主谓省略现象，翻译时应先找到主语，即后文Italian secondary pupils；最后，注意中文关连词成对出现，故本句用“尽管...但是...”是句子衔接更加流畅。

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