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  3. 共用题干 Understanding Autism1 Autism（孤独症）i

共用题干 Understanding Autism1 Autism（孤独症）i

shuhaiku2019-12-17  4
问题 共用题干Understanding Autism
1 Autism（孤独症）is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from proper-ly understanding what they see,hear,and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships,communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly（费力地） learn normal patterns of speech and communication,and appropriate ways to relate to people,ob-jects,and events,in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.
2 The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic（遗传的）factors may sometimes be in-volved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several“causes”.
3 Most people with mental retardation（智力迟钝）show relatively even skill develop-ment. Individuals with autism,however,typically show uneven skill development,with deficits（欠缺）in certain areas一most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others一and distinct skills in other areas.It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or ether disorders, since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.
4 In general,individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists,piano tuners,painters,farm workers,office workers,computer operators,dishwashers,assembly line workers,or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.
选项 Paragraph 1______A: What Causes Autism?B: How Common Is Autism?C: Does Autism Occur Together With Other Disabilities?D: What Is the Difference Between Autism and Mental Retardation?E: What Is Autism?F: What Kinds of Jobs Can Individuals With Autism Do?
答案E
解析该段第一句是个定义句（A is B)，因此应该是该段主题句。该句在对孤独症 进行定义和解释，E项“什么是孤独症”与之呼应。 段落中出现了明显的段落主题词：cause“原因”, problem affecting“起影响作用的问题”, factor“因素”。这三组词的核心词义都是“原因，因素”，因此包含段落主题词 cause的A项“造成孤独症的原因”是该段主题。 该段中出现了段落主题词retardation"智力迟钝”，因此D项“孤独症和智力迟钝之间有杆么不同”是段落主题。 段首句提到“总的来说，患有孤独症的人在做设计安排好、具有重复性的工作时表现得最出色”，接下来具体提到了什么工作适合患孤独症的人。由此可见F项“患孤独症的人能做什么工作？”是该段主题。 题干意为“患有孤独症的人尤其不擅长……”。第一道完成句子题常依据第 一段内容设置，因此首先重点关注第一段：Autism（孤独症) is a lifelong developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see,hear,and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships,communication,and behavior. Individuals with autism have to [u]painstakingly（费力地）learn[/u]（与题干中的particularly weak呼应）normal patterns of speech and communication , and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke．第一段最后一句意为“患有孤独症的人在学习语言模式和交流模式，学习与他人打交道的方式，学习应对物品和事件上感到很费力”，由此可知B项“社会关系和交流”是答案。 题干意为“孤独症的出现可能是因为……的结果”。题干从内容上看涉及到造成孤独症的原因，第二段的主题就涉及到造成孤独症的原因，因此重点关注第二段，题干中没有定位线索词可以利用，因此关注题干中的其他核心词（如：题干中的修饰词，谓语动词等）（提示：题干中没有定位线索词可以利用时，就需要关注题干中其他的核心词/短语，并利用它们作为定位线索），关注题干中的修饰词possible，谓语动词happen及介词短语as a resuit of。（第二段）The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic（遗传 的）factors may sometimes be involved. Autism [u]may[/u]（与题干中的possible呼应）indeed [u]result from[/u]（与题干中的as a result of呼应）a combination of several“ causes”．第二段最后一句提到 “孤独症可能是几个致病因素共同作用的结果”，因此答案为D项“几个致病因素共同作用”。 题干意为“应该用……对待孤独症和智力迟钝”。利用题干中的细节信息短 语mental retardation作为定位线索，在第三段中找到相关句：Most people with [u]mental retardation[/u](智力迟钝) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism , however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits（欠缺）in certain areas一most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others一and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from [u]mental retardation[/u] or other disorders,since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques．段 落最后一句提到“区别孤独症和智力迟钝及其他疾病很重要，因为如果不能清楚地诊断病情可能会造成不恰当而且无效的治疗”。由此可知孤独症和智力迟钝这两种疾病需要区别对待，并且采取不同的治疗方法，因此该题答案为A项“不同的治疗方法”。 题干意为“患有孤独症的人的一个通常特征是他们不平衡的……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语a typical feature，作为定位线索，同时关注题干中出现的修饰词uneyen，这样在第三段中找到相关句：Most people with mental retardation(智力迟钝) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism, however, typically（与typical呼应） show [u]uneven[/u] skill development, with deficits（欠缺）in certain areas-most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others-and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or ether disorders , since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques．第三段第二句提到“然而，患有孤独症的人通常会出现技能发展不平衡”，由此可知患有孤独症的人通常具有的一个特点是技能发展不平衡，因此该题答案为F项“技能发展”。
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