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  3. 共用题干 Smoke Gets in Your Mind1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth d...

共用题干 Smoke Gets in Your Mind1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth d...

admin2020-12-24  26
问题 共用题干
Smoke Gets in Your Mind

1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.
2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.
3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.
4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.
5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.
6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.
7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.
8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."
9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says that
选项 Paragraph 4________
A:Doubt about the Usual Belief.
B:Researchers' Opinion Divided.
C:Positive Effects of Smoking as Advertised.
D:Close Association Between Depression and Smoking.
E:Breslau's Conclusion Supported by Another Larger Study.
F:Effect of Smoking on Mental Health Initially Proved.
答案A
解析文章第三段分析的是精神疾病同抽烟之间的关系。只有选项D符合题意。
文章第四段第一句就提出了与传统观点相悖的新观念，认为吸烟是临床沮丧和几种形式的焦虑的原因而不是结果。因此选择A项。
文章第六段提到布雷斯劳通过研究得出吸烟影响了大脑并且引起了沮丧的结论。因此选择F项。
文章第七段通过另外一个实验证明布雷斯劳的结论是正确的。因此选择 E项。
句子主干中出现not only说明后面填空处应该出现but/but also，和physical health相时应的是mental health。因此选择B项。
文章第二段告诉我们现实情况与烟草公司的宣传是相反的。因此选择 A项。
通过对文章中布雷斯劳与古德曼的实验对比我们可以发现选项D是正确的。
本句前半段说与布雷斯劳的结论相悖，那么后半句肯定是说跟她的结论相反的情况，‘也就是跟吸烟导致沮丧相反的情况，因此选项F符合题意。
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