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Since Darwin, biologists have been firml

tikufree2020-05-20  261
问题 Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.
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答案
解析自达尔文以来，生物学家一直坚信，大自然的运转是没有计划的或者是没有意义的，它不会通过直接的设计途径去追求目标。但是，今天我们知道. 这一信念是个严重错误。为什么进化恰如达尔文所理解和描述的那样竟是无计划，无理性的呢?当飞机设计工程师在风洞里对大量的，根据数据制造的机体模型的耐用性能进行测试，以从中选出运转最佳的设计时，他们不也是在具体运算和计划不起作用的情况下，根据同样的进化原理进行工作的吗?当核物理学家经过成千上万次的计算机运算，试图找出哪些材料，以怎样的结合方式，以及什么的结构形式，才最适宜用于原子核反应堆的建造时，我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么?他们也未进行事先设计的适应性调整，而是根据选择原理开展工作的。但是人们从未认为这种方法是无计划的，无理性的。
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