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  3. 共用题干 第三篇Scientific AttitudeWe all know that science plays an important role ...

共用题干 第三篇Scientific AttitudeWe all know that science plays an important role ...

admin2020-12-24  38
问题 共用题干
第三篇

Scientific Attitude

We all know that science plays an important role in our society.However,many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.The first aspect is the application of the machines,products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop.The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all,it seems that a successful scientist is curious一he wants to find out how and why the universe works.He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation,and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.Moreover,he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（客观的）and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example,trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光谱）.
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available.He rejects authority as the only basis for truth.Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore,he does not readily accept his own idea,since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instmments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly,he 15 full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.Furthermore,he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
选项 According to the passage,a successful scientist would NOT_________.
A:easily believe in unchecked statements
B:easily criticize others,research work
C:always use his imagination in work
D:always use evidence from observation
答案A
解析细节题。第一段第二句：很多人相信我们的进步取决于科学的两个方面······其他选项均过于片面。
细节题。第二段第三句：他通常会注意没有满意解释的问题，并寻找其中的关系，甚至在可获得的数据看起来都并没有关联的时候。可见C选项“他努力研究潜在的关系”是正确的。其他选项均不符合原文意思。
细节题。第四段第一句：他不接受不基于可获得的、最完整的证据的观点。因此A选项“轻易相信未检验的观点”，不会是成功的科学家所做的事情。
细节题。倒数第二段第一句：因为他经常需要寻找数据之间的关系，但这些数据是既复杂通常又是不完整的。
主旨题。本文大意就是科学家思考和行动的一些方式。文章最后一段点明了全文主旨, " These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.”其他选项均偏离了原文的意思。
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