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共用题干 Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists1 For the philosopher Art...

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问题 共用题干
Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists
1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.
2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.
3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.
4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”-were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.
5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.
6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.
7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.
8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either.They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.
9 German science journal Buld der Wissenschaft，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.
10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.
1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.
1 2 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.
13 The results showed that in the case of people who had.satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.
选项 An optimist does not necessarily try______.
A:to avoid unpleasant things in life
B:in looking on the bright side of life
C:less likely to catch cold
D:how one looks on life
E:to be unhappy all the time
F:more likely to get cancer
答案A
解析第五段第二句点出了此段的主题：个人的世界观和人生态度是影响寿命的关键因素。
第六段第一句“…optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds…”点出有最新的证据支持乐观者病好得快这一理论，接着叙述了证据是如何得到的，以及学者得出的结论，所以A项“更快从病中康复”合适。故本题选A。
第七段说明了良好的健康状况与保持乐观的心态之间的关系：并非说乐观者就更健康，而是因为享受健康，他们才成为乐观者，所以C项“良好的健康与乐观心态之间的关系”合适。故本题选C。
第八段第一、二句中“optimists do not blind themselves to reality … interpret it in a positive way.”说明乐观者并不是无视现实，而是从积极的角度看待现实，所以D项“看待现实的积极方式”合适。故本题选D。
根据文章第一段“Arthur Schopenhauer…Sigmund Freud …”可知，叔本华认为乐观完全是错的，是平庸和堕落的表现，而弗洛伊德认为乐观简直就是神经质，即两人都不赞成乐观的心态。故本题选B。
全文都在说明乐观的人活得更久，第五段最后一句更是明确指出人生态度是影响寿命的关键因素，从标题“Optimists Really Do Live Longer , Say Scientists”也可得出答案。故本题选D。
根据文章第八段第一句“optimists do not blind themselves to reality … interpret it in a positive way.”可知，乐观并不等于无视现实，而是从积极的角度看待现实。故本题选A。
根据文章最后一段“The results showed that…less likely to trigger a cold…only 35 percent…"可知：实驳路果显示，那些与朋友、邻居和同事保持长期稳定且令人满意的关系的人，感染病毒后，更不容易感冒；实验对象中只与三个或更少的人维持稳固关系的人中有62%的人感冒，而那些与六个或更多的人有着紧密关系的人中只有35%的人感冒。故本题选C。
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