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  3. Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain For the first time，researchers ha...

Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain For the first time，researchers ha...

admin2020-12-24  22
问题 Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain
For the first time，researchers have been able to interfere with the process of learning in the brain, using induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It’s not quite as advanced as an instant kung-fu download，and it’s not as sleek (考究的）as cognitive inception (开端），but it’s still an important finding that could lead to new teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician， and use them as a benchmark (标准）for teaching another person a new activity，according to the researchers.
Scientists 什om Boston University (BU) and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI，to study the learning process.They were examining the adutt brain’s aptitude for visual perceptual learning, or VPL，in which repetitive training improves a person’s performance on a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an ongoing debate in neuroscience (神经系统科学）.
Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe，researchers used a method called decoded fMRt neurofeedback to stimulate the visual cortex (皮层）.First they showed participants circles at different orientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants’ brain activity. The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate this visual cortex activity.
The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. The participants were asked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior (后部的）part of the brain” to make a solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc，but they weren’t told anything about what the disc meant. The researchers watched the participant’ brain activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
“Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region，” the study authors write，“or the activation in one region region. ”
This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning researchers said.
“The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation paHerns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature，without presenting the feature or subjects’ awareness of what was to be learned，” Watanabe said in a statement.
Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerfultool.
“It can ‘incept ’ a person to acquire new learning，skills，or memory，or possibly to restore skills or knowledge that has been damaged through accident,disease or ageing,without a person’s awareness of what is learned or memorized，” they write.
Which of the following statements is true of the experiment participants?
选项 A They learned how to control MRI machines in the experiment.
B They were paid to take part in the experiment.
C They were not cooperative in the experiment.
D They were not told what to be learned in the experiment.
答案D
解析根据第五段中…but they weren’t told anything about what the disc meant 和第八段的最 后一句…without presenting the feature or subjects’ awareness of what was to be learned.应选 D。a paid bonus 并不等于They were paid to take part in the experiment.所以B 不对；A 和C没有提及。
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