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  3. 共用题干 Language and InfantsHow important is language to young children?Is lang...

共用题干 Language and InfantsHow important is language to young children?Is lang...

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问题 共用题干
Language and Infants
How important is language to young children?Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.
Within the first year,all the infants died.People realized clearly in this case that there was more than deprivation of language._______(46)Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such cruel deprivation is allowed to exist that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily._______(47)A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Linguists learn that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient).At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words._______(48)
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear with the sound pattern"teddy-bear"._______ (49)
But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,and responds to them._______(50)Sensitivity to the children's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.
选项 ________（48）
A:At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
B:What was missing was good mothering.
C:Lots of information about benefits of baby signing and best ways to go about it can be found.
D:Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.
E:If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
F:And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.
答案A
解析从第二段第二句得知，本题所填句陈述的内容要比剥夺语言更严重，其后一句提到了“没有了母亲般的呵护”，结合这两点，选项B没有母亲般的悉心照护，最符合题意，是正确答案。
此题上一句提到：看起来，确有某些关键时期，孩子们学起来更容易。此句应为上一句的进一步陈述。所以，选项A假如这段敏感的时期被忽视，获得技巧的理想时间过去了，他们可能就再也不会如此轻松地学到东西了，从反面进一步陈述了上一句的内容，所以选项E是正确答案。
该空前文提到了孩子年龄和语言学习之间的关系。该空应该延续这一话题。选项A3岁的孩子懂得1 000个单词，并且能够组成句子；到了4岁时，孩子的语言与其父母的语言在风格上而不是在语法上有所差异，正是对前文所述内容的延续，所以选项F是正确答案。
该空前文提到人脑的特别之处，该空内容是该话题的延伸介绍。选项D 甚至更加不可思议的是，幼小的脑子能从周围的喧嚣声中听出语言表达的某种命令，用种种新奇的方式对某个语言的成分进行分析、组合以及重新组合，是对该话题的延伸介绍。所以，选项F是正确答案。
最后一段的主题句是：But speech has to be triggered, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，但是说话需要激发。这得靠母亲和孩子的互动。该空前一句从正面阐述了这一观点：母亲要善于从孩子的申申呀呀中以及依偎、抓、哭、笑中辫别出不同含义和信号，并且做出反应。选项D母亲对孩子的上述信号持冷漠态度会减弱这种相互作用，因为孩子会扫兴，而只发出明显的信号，从反面阐述了孩子和母亲之间的互相影响，是正确答案。
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