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共用题干 Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep.Perchance to file?Findings publi...

admin2020-12-24  31
问题 共用题干
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age一associated problems in cognition?”Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in  check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
选项 Which of the following statements is the nearest in meaning to the sentence"To sleep.Perchance to file?"
A:Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B:Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C:Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D:Does brain work on files in sleep?
答案A
解析由文章第一段内容可知，科学新发现进一步支持了一种理论，即当人体进人睡眠状态时，大脑对在白天形成的记忆进行组织和储存。"Tosleep.Perchancetofile?”由莎士比亚的名句“Tosleep:perchancetodream."（睡眠也许要做梦）转化而来，它在本句的意思是：睡觉也许要记忆整理，故选A。
第二段提到科学家分析了老鼠的脑电波，尤其是从躯体感觉新皮层和海马体两个区域发出的脑电波。该段最后指出，这两个大脑区域的活动是相互作用的；第二段并未提及两者中的任何一个起主要作用。
由文章第四段倒数第二句话“Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.”可知，D项正确。
第四段最后一句“…theirbrainscans…中their指上句中的“Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection"，所以B项正确?
文章最后一段提到，锻炼身体和控制体重能够限制葡萄糖浓度，因而，去健身房就有了另外一个原因。第二篇本篇文章主要讲述了大量发展中国家的艾滋病患者由于没有得到治疗而死去的情况，接着指出应加强对艾滋病患者的救治，并提出了三种具体的救治办法。
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